عصا
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See also: عصى
Arabic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *ʕiṣ́-. Cognate with Hebrew עֵץ (ʿēṣ).
Pronunciation
Noun
عَصًا • (ʕaṣan) f (construct state عَصَا (ʕaṣā), dual عَصَوَانِ (ʕaṣawāni), plural عُصِيّ (ʕuṣiyy) or عِصِيّ (ʕiṣiyy) or أَعْصٍ (ʔaʕṣin) or أَعْصَاء (ʔaʕṣāʔ))
- staff, stick
- walking cane
- punishment, chastisement
- wooden handle
- scepter
- crosier
- dominion
- penis
- lingual bone, tongue
- Muslim fraternity or a community in general
Declension
Declension of noun عَصًا (ʕaṣan)
| Singular | singular in ـًا (-an) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَصَا ʕaṣā |
الْعَصَا al-ʕaṣā |
عَصَا ʕaṣā |
| Nominative | عَصًا ʕaṣan |
الْعَصَا al-ʕaṣā |
عَصَا ʕaṣā |
| Accusative | عَصًا ʕaṣan |
الْعَصَا al-ʕaṣā |
عَصَا ʕaṣā |
| Genitive | عَصًا ʕaṣan |
الْعَصَا al-ʕaṣā |
عَصَا ʕaṣā |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَصَوَيْن ʕaṣawayn |
الْعَصَوَيْن al-ʕaṣawayn |
عَصَوَيْ ʕaṣaway |
| Nominative | عَصَوَانِ ʕaṣawāni |
الْعَصَوَانِ al-ʕaṣawāni |
عَصَوَا ʕaṣawā |
| Accusative | عَصَوَيْنِ ʕaṣawayni |
الْعَصَوَيْنِ al-ʕaṣawayni |
عَصَوَيْ ʕaṣaway |
| Genitive | عَصَوَيْنِ ʕaṣawayni |
الْعَصَوَيْنِ al-ʕaṣawayni |
عَصَوَيْ ʕaṣaway |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عُصِي; عِصِي; أَعْصِي; أَعْصَاء ʕuṣī; ʕiṣī; ʔaʕṣī; ʔaʕṣāʔ |
الْعُصِي; الْعِصِي; الْأَعْصِي; الْأَعْصَاء al-ʕuṣī; al-ʕiṣī; al-ʔaʕṣī; al-ʔaʕṣāʔ |
عُصِي; عِصِي; أَعْصِي; أَعْصَاء ʕuṣī; ʕiṣī; ʔaʕṣī; ʔaʕṣāʔ |
| Nominative | عُصِيٌّ; عِصِيٌّ; أَعْصٍ; أَعْصَاءٌ ʕuṣiyyun; ʕiṣiyyun; ʔaʕṣin; ʔaʕṣāʔun |
الْعُصِيُّ; الْعِصِيُّ; الْأَعْصِي; الْأَعْصَاءُ al-ʕuṣiyyu; al-ʕiṣiyyu; al-ʔaʕṣī; al-ʔaʕṣāʔu |
عُصِيُّ; عِصِيُّ; أَعْصِي; أَعْصَاءُ ʕuṣiyyu; ʕiṣiyyu; ʔaʕṣī; ʔaʕṣāʔu |
| Accusative | عُصِيًّا; عِصِيًّا; أَعْصِيًا; أَعْصَاءً ʕuṣiyyan; ʕiṣiyyan; ʔaʕṣiyan; ʔaʕṣāʔan |
الْعُصِيَّ; الْعِصِيَّ; الْأَعْصِيَ; الْأَعْصَاءَ al-ʕuṣiyya; al-ʕiṣiyya; al-ʔaʕṣiya; al-ʔaʕṣāʔa |
عُصِيَّ; عِصِيَّ; أَعْصِيَ; أَعْصَاءَ ʕuṣiyya; ʕiṣiyya; ʔaʕṣiya; ʔaʕṣāʔa |
| Genitive | عُصِيٍّ; عِصِيٍّ; أَعْصٍ; أَعْصَاءٍ ʕuṣiyyin; ʕiṣiyyin; ʔaʕṣin; ʔaʕṣāʔin |
الْعُصِيِّ; الْعِصِيِّ; الْأَعْصِي; الْأَعْصَاءِ al-ʕuṣiyyi; al-ʕiṣiyyi; al-ʔaʕṣī; al-ʔaʕṣāʔi |
عُصِيِّ; عِصِيِّ; أَعْصِي; أَعْصَاءِ ʕuṣiyyi; ʕiṣiyyi; ʔaʕṣī; ʔaʕṣāʔi |
Descendants
- Maltese: għasa
- Moroccan Arabic: عصا (ʕṣā)
- ⇒ Gulf Arabic: عصاية (ʕaṣāya)
- ⇒ Hijazi Arabic: عصاية (ʕaṣāya)
- → Armenian: ասա (asa)
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| ع ص و (ʕ ṣ w) |
| 1 term |
Pronunciation
Verb
عَصَا • (ʕaṣā) I (non-past يَعْصُو (yaʕṣū), verbal noun عَصْو (ʕaṣw))
- to beat or strike with a stick, sword, or staff; to use, handle, wield, equip any of the above.
- to dress wound, to use a splint on a wound
- to unite people for a purpose, to shepherd people together
Conjugation
Conjugation of عَصَا (I, final-weak, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun عَصْو)
| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَصْو ʕaṣw | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
عَاصٍ ʕāṣin | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَعْصُوّ maʕṣuww | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَصَوْتُ ʕaṣawtu |
عَصَوْتَ ʕaṣawta |
عَصَا ʕaṣā |
عَصَوْتُمَا ʕaṣawtumā |
عَصَوَا ʕaṣawā |
عَصَوْنَا ʕaṣawnā |
عَصَوْتُمْ ʕaṣawtum |
عَصَوْا ʕaṣaw | |||
| f | عَصَوْتِ ʕaṣawti |
عَصَتْ ʕaṣat |
عَصَتَا ʕaṣatā |
عَصَوْتُنَّ ʕaṣawtunna |
عَصَوْنَ ʕaṣawna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَعْصُو ʔaʕṣū |
تَعْصُو taʕṣū |
يَعْصُو yaʕṣū |
تَعْصُوَانِ taʕṣuwāni |
يَعْصُوَانِ yaʕṣuwāni |
نَعْصُو naʕṣū |
تَعْصُونَ taʕṣūna |
يَعْصُونَ yaʕṣūna | |||
| f | تَعْصِينَ taʕṣīna |
تَعْصُو taʕṣū |
تَعْصُوَانِ taʕṣuwāni |
تَعْصُونَ taʕṣūna |
يَعْصُونَ yaʕṣūna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَعْصُوَ ʔaʕṣuwa |
تَعْصُوَ taʕṣuwa |
يَعْصُوَ yaʕṣuwa |
تَعْصُوَا taʕṣuwā |
يَعْصُوَا yaʕṣuwā |
نَعْصُوَ naʕṣuwa |
تَعْصُوا taʕṣū |
يَعْصُوا yaʕṣū | |||
| f | تَعْصِي taʕṣī |
تَعْصُوَ taʕṣuwa |
تَعْصُوَا taʕṣuwā |
تَعْصُونَ taʕṣūna |
يَعْصُونَ yaʕṣūna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَعْصُ ʔaʕṣu |
تَعْصُ taʕṣu |
يَعْصُ yaʕṣu |
تَعْصُوَا taʕṣuwā |
يَعْصُوَا yaʕṣuwā |
نَعْصُ naʕṣu |
تَعْصُوا taʕṣū |
يَعْصُوا yaʕṣū | |||
| f | تَعْصِي taʕṣī |
تَعْصُ taʕṣu |
تَعْصُوَا taʕṣuwā |
تَعْصُونَ taʕṣūna |
يَعْصُونَ yaʕṣūna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُعْصُ uʕṣu |
اُعْصُوَا uʕṣuwā |
اُعْصُوا uʕṣū |
||||||||
| f | اُعْصِي uʕṣī |
اُعْصُونَ uʕṣūna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُصِيتُ ʕuṣītu |
عُصِيتَ ʕuṣīta |
عُصِيَ ʕuṣiya |
عُصِيتُمَا ʕuṣītumā |
عُصِيَا ʕuṣiyā |
عُصِينَا ʕuṣīnā |
عُصِيتُمْ ʕuṣītum |
عُصُوا ʕuṣū | |||
| f | عُصِيتِ ʕuṣīti |
عُصِيَتْ ʕuṣiyat |
عُصِيَتَا ʕuṣiyatā |
عُصِيتُنَّ ʕuṣītunna |
عُصِينَ ʕuṣīna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعْصَى ʔuʕṣā |
تُعْصَى tuʕṣā |
يُعْصَى yuʕṣā |
تُعْصَيَانِ tuʕṣayāni |
يُعْصَيَانِ yuʕṣayāni |
نُعْصَى nuʕṣā |
تُعْصَوْنَ tuʕṣawna |
يُعْصَوْنَ yuʕṣawna | |||
| f | تُعْصَيْنَ tuʕṣayna |
تُعْصَى tuʕṣā |
تُعْصَيَانِ tuʕṣayāni |
تُعْصَيْنَ tuʕṣayna |
يُعْصَيْنَ yuʕṣayna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعْصَى ʔuʕṣā |
تُعْصَى tuʕṣā |
يُعْصَى yuʕṣā |
تُعْصَيَا tuʕṣayā |
يُعْصَيَا yuʕṣayā |
نُعْصَى nuʕṣā |
تُعْصَوْا tuʕṣaw |
يُعْصَوْا yuʕṣaw | |||
| f | تُعْصَيْ tuʕṣay |
تُعْصَى tuʕṣā |
تُعْصَيَا tuʕṣayā |
تُعْصَيْنَ tuʕṣayna |
يُعْصَيْنَ yuʕṣayna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعْصَ ʔuʕṣa |
تُعْصَ tuʕṣa |
يُعْصَ yuʕṣa |
تُعْصَيَا tuʕṣayā |
يُعْصَيَا yuʕṣayā |
نُعْصَ nuʕṣa |
تُعْصَوْا tuʕṣaw |
يُعْصَوْا yuʕṣaw | |||
| f | تُعْصَيْ tuʕṣay |
تُعْصَ tuʕṣa |
تُعْصَيَا tuʕṣayā |
تُعْصَيْنَ tuʕṣayna |
يُعْصَيْنَ yuʕṣayna | |||||||
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عصا”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
Kohistani Shina
Noun
عصا (esā)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan, “staff, stick”), itself from Proto-Semitic *ʕiṣ́-.
Noun
عصا • (ʼasa)
- stick, wand, cane, staff, an elongated piece of wood, typically put to some use
- sceptre, an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch as a symbol of power
Derived terms
- عصای موسی (ʼasa-yı musa, “the rod of Moses”)
- پسقپوس عصاسی (piskopos ʼasası, “crosier”)
Descendants
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “asa2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 307
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “asâ”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 51
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عصا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 848
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Baculus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 112
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عصا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3272
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عصا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1302
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan, “stick”)
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | asā |
| Dari reading? | asā |
| Iranian reading? | asâ |
| Tajik reading? | aso |
| Dari | عصا |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ъасо |
Noun
عصا • ('asâ) (plural عصاها ('asâ-hâ))
- stick, rod, staff
- scepter
- (by extension) guide
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3920:
- تو عصا کش هر که را که زندگی است
بیعصا و بیعصا کش کور چیست- tū 'asā kaš har ki rā ki zandigī-st
bē-'asa u bē-'asa kaš kūr čīst - Thou art the Guide of every one that hath life:
what is the blind man without staff and guide?
- tū 'asā kaš har ki rā ki zandigī-st
- (by extension) guide
References
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عصا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim