عظم

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See also: ع ظ م

Arabic

Root
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕaðˤm/
  • (file)

Noun

عَظْم (ʕaẓmm (plural عِظَام (ʕiẓām) or أَعْظُم (ʔaʕẓum))

  1. bone
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 75:3:
      أَیَحۡسَبُ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ أَلَّن نَّجۡمَع عِظَامَهُۥ.
      Thinketh man that We shall not assemble his bones?
    • a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):
      رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا
      فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا
      سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا
      فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَا
      raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
      fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā
      samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā
      famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Descendants
  • Gulf Arabic: عظم (ʕaḏ̣am)
  • Maltese: għadam
  • Moroccan Arabic: عضم (ʕḍam)
  • South Levantine Arabic: عضم (ʕaḍm)
  • Azerbaijani: əzm
  • Ottoman Turkish: عظم (azm)
  • Persian: عظم ('azm)

Etymology 2

Root
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m)

Pronunciation

Verb

عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma) I, non-past يَعْظُمُ‎ (yaʕẓumu)

  1. (intransitive) to be great
    إِلٰهِي إِنْ عَظُمَ الذَّنْبُ مِنْ عَبْدِكَ فَلْيَحْسُنِ العَفْوُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ.
    ʔilāhī ʔin ʕaẓuma aḏ-ḏanbu min ʕabdika falyaḥsuni l-ʕafwu min ʕindika.
    My God if the wrongdoing of your worshipper has gotten great then let your forgiveness be splendid.
Conjugation

Etymology 3

Root
ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m)

Compare عَظِيم (ʕaẓīm, great, powerful, important).

Pronunciation

Noun

عِظَم or عُظْم (ʕiẓam or ʕuẓmm

  1. verbal noun of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma) (form I)
  2. greatness, magnitude, power
  3. pomp
  4. bulk, extent, thickness
  5. importance
  6. pride
  7. crowd, multitude
  8. (historical, medicine, pathology) enlargement of an organ (in nomenclature of conditions)
    Antonym: تَصَغُّر (taṣaḡḡur)
    عِظَم الكَبِدʕiẓam al-kabidhepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)
Declension

Etymology 4

Form-II causative of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma).

Pronunciation

Verb

عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama) II, non-past يُعَظِّمُ‎ (yuʕaẓẓimu)

  1. (transitive, causative) to make great
Conjugation

References

  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عظم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ع ظ م
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕa.dˤim/, /ʕa.dˤum/

Noun

عَظِم or عَظُم (ʕaḍim or ʕaḍumm (construct state عَظْم (ʕaḍm), plural عظام (ʕiḍām))

  1. bone

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʕazˤ.zˤam/, /ʕaðˤ.ðˤam/

Verb

عظم (ʕaẓẓam) II (non-past يِعَظِّم (yiʕaẓẓim))

  1. (transitive, causative) to make great
Conjugation
    Conjugation of عظم (ʕaẓẓam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) عظم (ʕaẓẓam) عظمنا (ʕaẓẓamna) عظمتوا (ʕaẓẓamtu) عظموا (ʕaẓẓamu)
f عظمتي (ʕaẓẓamti) عظمت (ʕaẓẓamat)
non-past m أعظم (ʔaʕaẓẓim) تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim) يعظم (yiʕaẓẓim) نعظم (niʕaẓẓim) تعظموا (tiʕaẓẓimu) يعظموا (yiʕaẓẓimu)
f تعظمي (tiʕaẓẓimi) تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim)
imperative m عظم (ʕaẓẓim) عظموا (ʕaẓẓimu)
f عظمي (ʕaẓẓimi)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

Noun

عظم (ʿazm) (plural عظام)

  1. bone, any of the components of an endoskeleton
    Synonyms: استخوان (ustuhan), سوموك (sumuk), كمیك (kemik)

Derived terms

  • عظمی (ʿazmi, of bone, osseous)

Descendants

Further reading

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? azm
Dari reading? azm
Iranian reading? azm
Tajik reading? azm

Noun

Dari عظم
Iranian Persian
Tajik азм

عظم ('azm)

  1. bone
    Synonym: استخوان (ostoxân)

Further reading

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عظم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عظم ('azm), from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

Pronunciation

Noun

عَظْم ('azmm (Hindi spelling अज़्म)

  1. bone

References

  • عظم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • عظم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.