قاعدة

Arabic

Etymology

From the verb قَعَدَ (qaʕada, “to sit down, to lie in wait, to waylay”), root ق ع د (q-ʕ-d).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaː.ʕi.da/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

قَاعِدَة • (qāʕida) f (plural قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid))

1. foundation

   Synonym: أَسَاس (ʔasās)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:26:

     قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَانَهُم مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

     qad makara allaḏīna min qablihim faʔatā l-lahu bunyānahum mmina l-qawāʕidi faḵarra ʕalayhimu s-saqfu min fawqihim waʔatāhumu l-ʕaḏābu min ḥayṯu lā yašʕurūna

     Indeed, those before them had plotted, but Allah struck at the ˹very˺ foundation of their structure, so the roof collapsed on top of them, and the torment came upon them from where they did not expect.

2. basis

   Synonym: أَسَاس (ʔasās)

3. precept, rule, principle
4. fundament
5. (military) base
6. (chemistry) base

   Synonym: قَلَوِيّ (qalawiyy)

   Antonym: حَمْض (ḥamḍ)

7. support, socle, pedestal
8. chassis, undercarriage
9. formula

   قَاعِدَة فِيثَاغُورَس ― qāʿidat fīṯāḡōras ― Pythagorean formula, Pythagorean theorem

10. method, manner
11. model, pattern

    Synonym: نَمَط (namaṭ)

Declension

Descendants

• → Armenian: ղայդա (ġayda)
• Gulf Arabic: قاعدة (qāʕida)
• → Azerbaijani: qayda
• → Bashkir: ҡағиҙә (qağiźə)
• → Hausa: ƙa'ida
• → Georgian: ყაიდა (q̇aida)
• → Kazakh: қағида (qağida), қағидат (qağidat)
• → Malay: kaidah, kaedah
  • → Indonesian: kaidah
• Maltese: qagħda
• → Ottoman Turkish: قاعده (ka'ide)
  • → Turkish: kaide
• → Persian: قاعده (qâ'ede) (see there for further descendants)
• → Tatar: кагыйдә (qağıydä), qağıydä
• → Turkmen: kada
• → Uyghur: قائىدە (qa'ide)
• → Uzbek: qoida

(via plural form قَوَاعِد (qawāʕid)):

• → Persian: قواعد (qavâ'ed)
  • → Gujarati: કવાયત (kavāyat)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: क़वायद (qavāyad)

    Urdu: قَواعِد (qavā'id)

  • → Kannada: ಕವಾಯತು (kavāyatu)
  • → Marathi: कवाईत (kavāīt)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਕਵਾਇਦ (kavāida)

    Shahmukhi script: قَواعد (qauā‘d)

  • → Sindhi:

    Arabic script: قَوَاعِدُ

    Devanagari script: क़वाइद

  • → Telugu: కవాతు (kavātu)
• → Swahili: kawaida

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَاعِدَة (qāʕida).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaːʕ.da/ (common pronunciation for the adjective and can be used for the noun)
  • IPA^(key): (common pronunciation only for the noun)

Noun

قَاعْدة or قَاعِدة • (gāʕda or gāʕida) f (plural قَوَاعِد (gawāʕid) or قاعْدات (gāʕdāt))

1. basis
2. (military) base
3. rule, principle, precept
4. (beverage) coaster
5. foundation
6. fundament

Adjective

قاعدة • (gāʕda) (common plural قاعدين (gāʕdīn), feminine plural قاعدات (gāʕdāt))

1. feminine of قَاعِد (gāʕid, “sitting”)
2. Forms a present continuous tense

   Synonym: بِـ (bi)

   قاعدة تلعب / بِتِلْعَب

   gāʕda tilʕab / bi-tilʕab

   she is playing

Usage notes

The common plural adjective is used with both feminine and masculine plural nouns, while the feminine plural adjective is rarely used and only used with feminine nouns.