قلب

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See also: قلت, قلي, قلن, and فلت

Arabic

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Etymology 1

From قَلَبَ (qalaba, to turn).

Root
ق ل ب (q-l-b)

Alternatively, since Proto-Semitic *libb- is reconstructed to mean “heart”, the initial ق could be a phonological insertion to break a biconsonantal cluster and avoid *∅alb or *∅ulb, thus *lb → *∅albqalb. See also Arabic لُبّ (lubb), "core, heart, intellect", without q- as well.

Other Semitic branches break the *lb cluster by insertion of a vowel between the consonants, not before them, see Hebrew לב (lev), Classical Syriac ܠܒܐ (lebbā), Proto-Afroasiatic *lib-, Proto-Berber *ulβ (and Egyptian jb which lost the initial l-), none employ q- as part of the root.

Pronunciation

  • (heart): IPA(key): /qalb/
    (file)
  • (to turn): IPA(key): /qa.la.ba/
  • (to flip): IPA(key): /qal.la.ba/
  • (skillful in turning): IPA(key): /qul.lab/

Noun

قَلْب (qalbm (plural قُلُوب (qulūb))

  1. verbal noun of قَلَبَ (qalaba) (form I)
  2. heart (organ)
  3. heart (the symbolic seat of human emotion)
    إِنَّمَا يُمْكِنُ لِلْإِنْسَانِ أَنْ يَرَى بِصُورَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ مِنْ خِلَالِ قَلْبِهِ؛ فَالْأُمُورَ الْجَوْهَرِيَّةِ غَيْرُ مُرَئِيَّةٍ لِلْعَيْنِ.
    ʔinnamā yumkinu lilʔinsāni ʔan yarā biṣūratin ṣaḥīḥatin min ḵilāli qalbihi; fālʔumūra l-jawhariyyati ḡayru muraʔiyyatin lilʕayni.
    It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.
Declension
Descendants
  • Egyptian Arabic: قلب (ʔalb)
  • Gulf Arabic: قلب (gaḷb)
  • Judeo-Arabic: קלב
  • Maltese: qalb
  • Moroccan Arabic: قلب (qalb)
  • Azerbaijani: qəlb
  • Ottoman Turkish: قلب (kalp)
  • Persian: قلب (qalb)
  • Uzbek: qalb

Noun

قَلْب or قِلْب or قُلْب (qalb or qilb or qulbm

  1. pith, heart of palm
Declension

Verb

قَلَبَ (qalaba) I, non-past يَقْلِبُ‎ (yaqlibu)

  1. to turn (clarification of this definition is needed)
  2. to change (clarification of this definition is needed)
Conjugation

Verb

قَلَّبَ (qallaba) II, non-past يُقَلِّبُ‎ (yuqallibu)

  1. to turn, to flip, to roll over repeatedly
    قَلَّبَ صَفَحَاتِ الْكِتَابِ
    qallaba ṣafaḥāti l-kitābi
    He flipped through the book.
Conjugation

Adjective

قُلَّب (qullab)

  1. who is skillful in turning, versatile, adaptable, flexible
Declension

Etymology 2

While it could be thought as from the root ق ل ب (q-l-b) due to being “turned over” or “warped” around the arm, Classical Syriac ܩܘܠܒܐ (qulbā, bracelet) is attested early and suggested as a source for this Arabic word, and as Aramaic lacks this root, Akkadian 𒄑𒆪𒌌𒁍 (GIŠqu3-ul-pu /⁠qulpu⁠/, encasement, bark of wood) is suggested as its source. The later sense may also be reflected in a different homophonic Akkadian 𒆰𒁍 (qul-pu /⁠qulpu⁠/, a type of barley).

Pronunciation

Noun

قُلْب (qulbm

  1. bracelet, bangle
    Synonym: سِوَار (siwār)
    • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 35:55:
      وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا قَدِمَ فَاطِمَةَ فَقَدِمَ مِنْ غَزَاةٍ لَهُ وَقَدْ عَلَّقَتْ مِسْحًا أَوْ سِتْرًا عَلَى بَابِهَا وَحَلَّتِ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ قُلْبَيْنِ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فَقَدِمَ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَظَنَّتْ أَنَّ مَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَا رَأَى فَهَتَكَتِ السِّتْرَ وَفَكَّكَتِ الْقُلْبَيْنِ عَنِ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ وَقَطَعَتْهُ بَيْنَهُمَا
      wa-ʔawwalu man yadḵulu ʕalay-hā ʔiḏā qadima fāṭimata fa-qadima min ḡazātin la-hū wa-qad ʕallaqat misḥan ʔaw sitran ʕalā bābi-hā wa-ḥallati l-ḥasana wa-l-ḥusayna qulbayni min fiḍḍatin fa-qadima fa-lam yadḵul fa-ẓannat ʔanna mā manaʕa-hū ʔan yadḵula mā raʔā fa-hatakati s-sitra wa-fakkakati l-qulbayni ʕani ṣ-ṣabiyyayni wa-qaṭaʕat-hū bayna-humā
      The first he visited on his return was Fāṭima, and he retourned from a raid and she had hung up a gunny or some drapery at her door, and bedecked al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn by using silver bracelets. So, when he arrived, he entered not. And she believed he was barred from entering by what he had seen, so she tore down the drapery, unfastened the bracelets from the boys and cut them off.
  2. gromwell (Lithospermum officinale, as also Lithospermum arvense syn. Buglossoides arvensis; and Phalaris aquatica or Phalaris canariensis)
    • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح , edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص , Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 824 (fol. 70r,12–14), page 962:
      قلب، قال ابن ماسويه: هو بزر هندي يشبه بزر الكتّان إلّا أنّه أكبر منه يعلوه غبرة، وقال ثابت: هو ماش هندي من الحاوي.
      Gromwell. Ibn Māsawayh said: It is an Indian seed resembling linseed, but larger. It has greyness upon it. And Ṯābit said: It is the Indian mung bean — from (ar-Rāzī’s) Ḥāwī.
    • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:
      قلب: أوله قاف مضمومة بعدها لام ساكنة ثم باء واحدة. سليمان بن حسان: إنما سمي هذا النبات بهذا الإسم وهو من أسماء الفضة لأن له بزراً صلباً شبيهاً بالفضة في بياضها وصلابتها وينبت في بلاد الأندلس كثيراً وهو معروف بها ولم أره بموضع من المواضع التي سلكتها من بلاد الشام ورأيته بديار بكر بظاهر مدينة آمد قبالة برج الزاوية المعروف ببرج الصالح عند الطاحون التي هناك في فصل الخريف ولا يتوهم أنه حب القُلْب الذي ذكرته في الحاء المهملة بل هو غيره، ويسمى هذا النبت بعجمية الأندلس سحس إقراعيه ومعناه كاسر الحجر وباليونانية لبيس قزمن ومعناه البزر الحجري. ديسقوريدوس في الثالثة: هو نبات له ورق شبيه بورق الزيتون إلا أنه أطول منه وألين وأعرض وما كان منه مما يلي الأرض فإنه مفترش عليها وله أغصان قائمة دقاق في رقة عيدان الأذخر صلبة وعلى أطراف الأغصان شيء كأنه ساق ينقسم نصفين وفيه ورق صغار وعند الورق بزر صلب كأنه الحجر مستدير أبيض في عظم الكرسنة الصغيرة وينبت في أماكن خشنة ومواضع غالية وقوة البزر إذا شرب بشراب أبيض أنه يفتت الحصاة ويدر البول. الغافقي: وقد يدر الطمث ويذهب الربو والفواق وهو جيد لإستطلاق البطن والبواسير مجفف للمني والشربة منه وزن درهمين.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      (Can we find and add a quotation of كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب to this entry?)
Declension
Descendants
References
  • qwlbˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Corriente, Federico (1999) “Los sirismos del árabe andalusí”, in Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí (in Spanish), volume 4, page 60
  • Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1052
  • Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “قلب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 390b
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قلب (ʔalbm (plural قلوب (ʔulūb))

  1. heart

Gujarati

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈqəlb/
  • Hyphenation: قَلْب
  • Rhymes: -lb

Noun

قَلْب (qalbm (Lisan ud-Dawat)

  1. Arabic spelling of કલ્બ (kalb)
    Synonyms: دل (dil), ھيّوں (haiyũ), ھردہ (hirdā), فؤاد (fuwād)

Gulf Arabic

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قلب (gaḷbm (plural قلوب (gḷūb))

  1. heart

Etymology 2

From Arabic قَلَبَ (qalaba).

Pronunciation

  • (Kuwait) IPA(key): /ˈɡɪɫəb/

Verb

قِلَب (giḷab)

  1. to turn, to flip
Derived terms

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ق ل ب
6 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قلب (galbm (plural قلوب (gulūb))

  1. heart
  2. core
  3. flip, overturn, inverting

Etymology 2

From Arabic قَلَبَ (qalaba).

Pronunciation

Verb

قلب (galab) I (non-past يِقْلِب (yiglib))

  1. to turn, to flip
Conjugation
    Conjugation of قلب (galab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m قلبت (galabt) قلبت (galabt) قلب (galab) قلبنا (galabna) قلبتوا (galabtu) قلبوا (galabu)
f قلبتي (galabti) قلبت (galabat)
non-past m أقلب (ʔaglib) تقلب (tiglib) يقلب (yiglib) نقلب (niglib) تقلبوا (tiglibu) يقلبوا (yiglibu)
f تقلبي (tiglibi) تقلب (tiglib)
imperative m اقلب (aglib) اقلبوا (aglibu)
f اقلبي (aglibi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic قَلَّبَ (qallaba).

Pronunciation

Verb

قلب (gallab) II (non-past يقلب (yigallib))

  1. to mix, to turn, to flip
Conjugation
    Conjugation of قلب (gallab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m قلبت (gallabt) قلبت (gallabt) قلب (gallab) قلبنا (gallabna) قلبتوا (gallabtu) قلبوا (gallabu)
f قلبتي (gallabti) قلبت (gallabat)
non-past m أقلب (ʔagallib) تقلب (tigallib) يقلب (yigallib) نقلب (nigallib) تقلبوا (tigallibu) يقلبوا (yigallibu)
f تقلبي (tigallibi) تقلب (tigallib)
imperative m قلب (gallib) قلبوا (gallibu)
f قلبي (gallibi)

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ق ل ب
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قلب (qalbm (plural قلوب (qlūb) or قلوبة (qlūba))

  1. heart
  2. core

Etymology 2

From Arabic قَلَبَ (qalaba).

Pronunciation

Verb

قلب (qlab) I (non-past يقلب (yiqlab))

  1. to turn, to flip
Conjugation
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1=ق
2=ل
3=ب
4=q
5=l
6=b
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 3

From Arabic قَلَّبَ (qallaba).

Pronunciation

Verb

قلب (qallab) II (non-past يقلب (yqallab))

  1. to search
    Synonyms: حوس (ḥawwas), فتش (fattaš)
Conjugation
    Conjugation of قلب
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m قلّبت (qallabt) قلّبتي (qallabti) قلّب (qallab) قلّبنا (qallabna) قلّبتوا (qallabtu) قلّبوا (qallbu)
f قلّبت (qallbāt)
non-past m نقلّب (nqallab) تقلّب (tqallab) يقلّب (yqallab) نقلّبوا (nqallbu) تقلّبوا (tqallbu) يقلّبوا (yqallbu)
f تقلّبي (tqallbi) تقلّب (tqallab)
imperative m قلّب (qallab) قلّبوا (qallbu)
f قلّبي (qallbi)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Noun

قلب (kalb)

  1. heart

Synonyms

Descendants

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? qalb
Dari reading? qalb
Iranian reading? ğalb
Tajik reading? qalb

Noun

Dari قلب
Iranian Persian
Tajik қалб

قَلْب (qalb) (plural قلوب)

  1. (anatomy) heart
    Synonym: دِل (del)

Derived terms

Descendants

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ق ل ب
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic قَلَبَ (qalaba).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Urban) /ʔa.lab/,
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /ɡa.lab/,
  • (file)

Verb

قلب (ʔalab) I (present بقلب (biʔlib), passive participle مقلوب (maʔlūb))

  1. to flip, to turn over
Conjugation
    Conjugation of قلب (ʔalab)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m قلبت (ʔalabt) قلبت (ʔalabt) قلب (ʔalab) قلبنا (ʔalabna) قلبتو (ʔalabtu) قلبو (ʔalabu)
f قلبتي (ʔalabti) قلبت (ʔalbat)
present m بقلب (baʔlib) بتقلب (btiʔlib) بقلب (biʔlib) منقلب (mniʔlib) بتقلبو (btiʔlibu) بقلبو (biʔlibu)
f بتقلبي (btiʔlibi) بتقلب (btiʔlib)
subjunctive m أقلب (ʔaʔlib) تقلب (tiʔlib) يقلب (yiʔlib) نقلب (niʔlib) تقلبو (tiʔlibu) يقلبو (yiʔlibu)
f تقلبي (tiʔlibi) تقلب (tiʔlib)
imperative m اقلب (iʔlib) اقلبو (iʔlibu)
f اقلبي (iʔlibi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قلب (ʔalbm (plural قلوب (ʔlūb))

  1. heart
  2. inside

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَلْب (qalb), from Arabic قَلْب (qalb).

Pronunciation

Noun

قَلْب (qalbm (Hindi spelling क़ल्ब)

  1. heart (the seat of emotions)

See also