هُمْ • (hum) m pl (enclitic form ـهُم or ـهِم)
Arabic personal pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Isolated nominative pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
2nd person | m | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
f | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
3rd person | m | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum), هُمُ (humu)1 |
f | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
Isolated accusative pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
2nd person | m | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
f | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
3rd person | m | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
f | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | ـنِي (-nī), ـنِيَ (-niya), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)2 | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
2nd person | m | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
f | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
3rd person | m | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)3 | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)3 | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)3 |
f | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)3 | ||
1. هُمْ (hum) becomes هُمُ (humu) before the definite article الـ (al--). 2. Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”) is attached to verbs, but ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya, “my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي (-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)). 3. ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). |
ـهُمْ or ـهِمْ • (-hum or -him) m pl (enclitic form of هُم (hum))
Root |
---|
ه م م (h-m-m) |
هَمَّ • (hamma) I, non-past يَهُمُّ (yahummu)
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
هَمّ or مَهَمَّة hamm or mahamma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
hāmm | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mahmūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | hamamtu |
hamamta |
هَمَّ hamma |
hamamtumā |
hammā |
hamamnā |
hamamtum |
hammū | |||
f | hamamti |
hammat |
hammatā |
hamamtunna |
hamamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔahummu |
tahummu |
yahummu |
tahummāni |
yahummāni |
nahummu |
tahummūna |
yahummūna | |||
f | tahummīna |
tahummu |
tahummāni |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔahumma |
tahumma |
yahumma |
tahummā |
yahummā |
nahumma |
tahummū |
yahummū | |||
f | tahummī |
tahumma |
tahummā |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔahumma or ʔahummi or ʔahmum |
tahumma or tahummi or tahmum |
yahumma or yahummi or yahmum |
tahummā |
yahummā |
nahumma or nahummi or nahmum |
tahummū |
yahummū | |||
f | tahummī |
tahumma or tahummi or tahmum |
tahummā |
tahmumna |
yahmumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | humma or hummi or uhmum |
hummā |
hummū |
||||||||
f | hummī |
uhmumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | humimtu |
humimta |
هُمَّ humma |
humimtumā |
hummā |
humimnā |
humimtum |
hummū | |||
f | humimti |
hummat |
hummatā |
humimtunna |
humimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuhammu |
tuhammu |
yuhammu |
tuhammāni |
yuhammāni |
nuhammu |
tuhammūna |
yuhammūna | |||
f | tuhammīna |
tuhammu |
tuhammāni |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuhamma |
tuhamma |
yuhamma |
tuhammā |
yuhammā |
nuhamma |
tuhammū |
yuhammū | |||
f | tuhammī |
tuhamma |
tuhammā |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuhamma or ʔuhammi or ʔuhmam |
tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam |
yuhamma or yuhammi or yuhmam |
tuhammā |
yuhammā |
nuhamma or nuhammi or nuhmam |
tuhammū |
yuhammū | |||
f | tuhammī |
tuhamma or tuhammi or tuhmam |
tuhammā |
tuhmamna |
yuhmamna |
Root |
---|
ه م م (h-m-m) |
هَمّ • (hamm) m (plural هُمُوم (humūm))
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هَمّ hamm |
الْهَمّ al-hamm |
هَمّ hamm |
Nominative | هَمٌّ hammun |
الْهَمُّ al-hammu |
هَمُّ hammu |
Accusative | هَمًّا hamman |
الْهَمَّ al-hamma |
هَمَّ hamma |
Genitive | هَمٍّ hammin |
الْهَمِّ al-hammi |
هَمِّ hammi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | هَمَّيْن hammayn |
الْهَمَّيْن al-hammayn |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Nominative | هَمَّانِ hammāni |
الْهَمَّانِ al-hammāni |
هَمَّا hammā |
Accusative | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Genitive | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هُمُوم humūm |
الْهُمُوم al-humūm |
هُمُوم humūm |
Nominative | هُمُومٌ humūmun |
الْهُمُومُ al-humūmu |
هُمُومُ humūmu |
Accusative | هُمُومًا humūman |
الْهُمُومَ al-humūma |
هُمُومَ humūma |
Genitive | هُمُومٍ humūmin |
الْهُمُومِ al-humūmi |
هُمُومِ humūmi |
Root |
---|
ه م م (h-m-m) |
هِمّ • (himm) (feminine هِمَّة (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم (hamāʔim) or هِمَّات (himmāt))
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʔahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʔim; al-himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʔahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʔahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʔimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʔimu; al-himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʔahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʔahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔima; al-himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʔahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʔahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔimi; al-himmāti |
هِمّ • (himm) m (plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine هِمَّة (himma))
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمّ himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
هِمَّة himmat |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمُّ himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
هِمَّةُ himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّ himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
هِمَّةَ himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمِّ himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
هِمَّةِ himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّا himmā |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
هِمَّتَا himmatā |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʔahmām |
أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʔim; al-himmāt |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʔahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʔahmāmu |
أَهْمَامُ ʔahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʔimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʔimu; al-himmātu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتُ hamāʔimu; himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʔahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʔahmāma |
أَهْمَامَ ʔahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔima; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʔima; himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʔahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʔahmāmi |
أَهْمَامِ ʔahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔimi; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمِ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʔimi; himmāti |
هم • (humma) pl
ـهم • (-hum) pl
Root |
---|
ه م م |
1 term |
هم • (hamm) m (plural هموم (humūm))
هم • (humma) pl
ـهُم • (-hum) pl
هم (ham)
From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham(a)/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ham |
Dari reading? | ham |
Iranian reading? | ham |
Tajik reading? | ham |
هم • (ham)
هم • (ham)
هم • (ham-)
Borrowed from Arabic هَمّ (hamm).
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ham(m) |
Dari reading? | ham(m) |
Iranian reading? | ham(m) |
Tajik reading? | ham(m) |
هم • (ham)
هم • (homme) pl (enclitic form ـهم (-hom))
South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
1st person | أنا (ʔana) | احنا (ʔiḥna) | |
2nd person | m | انت (ʔinta) | انتو (ʔintu) |
f | انتي (ʔinti) | ||
3rd person | m | هو (huwwe) | هم (homme) |
f | هي (hiyye) |
From Arabic ـهُمْ (-hum) or ـهِمْ (-him).
ـهم • (-hom) pl
South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
after consonant | after vowel | |||
1st person | after verb | ـني (-ni) | ـنا (-na) | |
else | ـِي (-i) | ـي (-y) | ||
2nd person | m | ـَك (-ak) | ـك (-k) | ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku) |
f | ـِك (-ek) | ـكي (-ki) | ||
3rd person | m | ـُه (-o) | ـه (-h) | ـهُم (-hom) |
f | ـها (-ha) |
Root |
---|
ه م م |
3 terms |
همّ • (hamm) I (present بهمّ (bihimm))
Conjugation of همّ (hamm) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | همّيت (hammēt) | همّيت (hammēt) | همّ (hamm) | همّينا (hammēna) | همّيتو (hammētu) | همّو (hammu) | |
f | همّيتي (hammēti) | همّت (hammat) | ||||||
present | m | بهمّ (bahimm) | بتهمّ (bithimm) | بهمّ (bihimm) | منهمّ (minhimm) | بتهمّو (bithimmu) | بهمّو (bihimmu) | |
f | بتهمّي (bithimmi) | بتهمّ (bithimm) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اهمّ (ahimm) | تهمّ (thimm) | يهمّ (yhimm) | نهمّ (nhimm) | تهمّو (thimmu) | يهمّو (yhimmu) | |
f | تهمّي (thimmi) | تهمّ (thimm) | ||||||
imperative | m | همّ (himm) | همّو (himmu) | |||||
f | همّي (himmi) |
ـهُمْ (-hum) pl