هنر

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian هنر (honar, art; craft, ability), from Middle Persian 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /⁠hunar⁠/, virtue, ability, skill), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, talent, capability).

Noun

هنر (hüner) (definite accusative هنری (hüneri), plural هنرلر (hünerler))

  1. craft, dexterity, ingenuity, adroitness, the ability to solve difficult problems in original, clever, and inventive ways
    Synonyms: اوسته‌لق (ustalık), صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), معرفت (maʼrifet)
  2. ability, skill, talent, competence, the innate, learned, or acquired capacity or competence to do something well
    Synonyms: صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), مهارت (maharet)
  3. art, the conscious production or arrangement of elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions
    Synonyms: صنعت (sanʼat, zanʼat), فن (fenn)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Turkish: hüner
  • Greek: χουνέρι (chounéri)

Further reading

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology

From Middle Persian (hwnl), 𐫍𐫇𐫗𐫡 (hwnr /⁠hunar⁠/, virtue, ability, skill), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎴𐎼 (ʰuvnara, talent, capability), from Proto-Iranian *hu-nara, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (good) + *h₂nḗr (man; power, force, vital energy). Cognate with Old Armenian հնար (hnar, means, way) (from Iranian), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 m (hunara, skill, strength), Sanskrit सूनर (sū-nára, possessing vital strength, mighty, prosperous, beautiful).

Compare also formally identical formations in other Indo-European languages: Old Irish so-nirt, so-nairt (strong), Welsh hy-nerth (mighty), Ancient Greek εὐ-ήνωρ (eu-ḗnōr, manly).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? hunar
Dari reading? hunar
Iranian reading? honar
Tajik reading? hunar
  • Audio (Iran):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ar

Noun

Dari هنر
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҳунар

هنر (honar) (plural هنرها (honar-hâ))

  1. art
    هنرهای تجسمیhonar-hâ-ye tajasomivisual arts
    هنرهای زیباhonar-hâ-ye zibâfine arts
  2. (archaic) craft, ability, art
    Synonyms: صنعت (san'at), فن (fann), توانایی (tawānāī)
  3. (archaic) knowledge, wisdom
    Synonyms: دانش (dâneš), علم ('elm)
  4. (archaic) virtue, merit, excellence
    Synonyms: لیاقت (līyāqat), فضیلت (fazīlat)

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հնար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 104b
  • Boyce, Mary (1977) “hwnr”, in A word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Acta Iranica 9a, Série 3 – “Textes et mémoires”, vol. 2-supplément)‎, with a reverse index by Ronald Zwanziger, Leiden, Tehran-Liège: E.J. Brill, Bibliothèque Pahlavi, page 49
  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 1108, pages 247–248
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 181
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “hunar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 44
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 493
  • Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 102b
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 891
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765
  • Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 479