کودک
Persian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Persian (kwtk' /kōdak/), 𐫞𐫇𐫅𐫐 (qwdk /kōdak/, “young, small; baby”) (whence Southern Luri کۏئک (köak, “child”)), from Proto-Iranian *kawta-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *kawta- (“small, diminutive”), tentatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kaw- (“small, diminutive (affectionately)”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀- (kutaka-, “small”), and possibly Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra, “boy, prince”); see the latter for more possible cognates. Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian կոտակ (kotak, “little, short”), կոտիկ (kotik, “baby animal”), Armenian կոտիկ (kotik), կուտիկ (kutik, “puppy”), Chagatai قودوق (kuduk, “donkey foal”), Arabic كوتي (kūtī, “short person”), possibly also Hungarian kutya, Bulgarian ку́че (kúče, “dog”). Doublet of کوتاه and کوچک.[2]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kōḏak |
| Dari reading? | kōdak |
| Iranian reading? | kudak |
| Tajik reading? | küdak |
Noun
| Dari | کودک |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кӯдак |
کودک • (kudak) (plural کودکان (kudakân))
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
کودکم (kudakam) | کودکانم، کودکام△ (kudakấnam, kudakấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
کودکت (kudakat) | کودکانت، کودکات△ (kudakấnat, kudakất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
کودکش (kudakaš) | کودکانش، کودکاش△ (kudakấnaš, kudakấš△) |
| 1st plural (“our”) |
کودکمان، کودکمون△ (kudakemân, kudakemun△) | کودکانمان، کودکامون△ (kudakấnemân, kudakấmun△) |
| 2nd plural (“your”) |
کودکتان، کودکتون△ (kudaketân, kudaketun△) | کودکانتان، کودکاتون△ (kudakấnetân, kudakấtun△) |
| 3rd plural (“their”) |
کودکشان، کودکشون△ (kudakešân, kudakešun△) | کودکانشان، کودکاشون△ (kudakấnešân, kudakấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 382
- ^ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 258
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կոտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 640a
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 871, page 194
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 173
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 51