گشتن

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See also: کشتن and كسبن

Persian

Etymology

    From Middle Persian (gltyt /⁠gardēd⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *gártati (to turn), possibly a merger with *gárati (to turn, wind) and *wártati (to turn), the former being of uncertain origin and the latter from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (to turn).[1] Cognate with Tat gəştən and akin to the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian վաշտ (vašt), Old Georgian ვაშტი (vašṭi).

    Pronunciation

    Readings
    Classical reading? gaštan
    Dari reading? gaštan
    Iranian reading? gaštan
    Tajik reading? gaštan

    Verb

    Dari گشتن
    Iranian Persian
    Tajik гаштан

    گشتن (gaštan) (present stem گرد (gard))

    1. (intransitive) to rotate, turn, revolve, spin (to move around an axis)
      Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
      به دور خود گشتنbe dowr-e xod gaštanto turn, spin (around)
      زمین به طور مداوم به دور خود می‌گردد.
      zamin be tur-e modâvem be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
      The Earth is constantly spinning.
      زمین یک بار در هر بیست و چهار ساعت به دور خود می‌گردد.
      zamin yek bâr dar har bist-o-čahâr sâ'at be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
      The Earth revolves once every 24 hours.
    2. (intransitive) to spin (to rotate or turn around quickly)
      Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
      توپ بر روی زمین به دور خود می‌گردد.
      tup bar ru-ye zamin be dowr-e xod mi-gardad
      The ball is spinning on the ground.
    3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move in a circuit, for example blood, air)
      Synonyms: گردیدن (gardidan), در گردش بودن (dar gardeš budan)
      هوا در فضای خانه می‌گردد.
      havâ dar fazâ-ye xâne mi-gardad
      The air is circulating around the house (space).
    4. (intransitive) to circle (to travel in a circle or circles)
      Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
      پرنده‌ها بالای سرمان می‌گشتند.
      parande-hâ bâlâ-ye saremân mi-gaštand
      The birds were circling above us.
    5. (intransitive) to walk around, have a walk around
      Synonyms: چرخیدن (čarxidan), گردیدن (gardidan)
      بیا برویم بگردیم.biyâ be-ravim be-gardimLet’s go walk around.
      رفتیم بیرون بگردیم.raftim birun be-gardimWe went out to walk around.
    6. to become, to be changed
      • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 639:
        هر که سردت کرد میدان کاو در اوست
        دیو پنهان گشته اندر زیر پوست
        har ki sardat kard mē-dān k-ō dar ō-st
        dēw pinhān gašta andar zēr-i pōst.
        Whoever makes you cold (damps your spiritual ardour) know that he (Satan) is in him:
        the Devil has become hidden beneath his skin.
        (Classical Romanization)

    Conjugation

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*gart”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 110-111