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From Middle Iranian*Gōdarz, according to MacKenzie from Old Iranian*Gau-tarza-(literally “Ox-crusher”), with the constituents ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-European*gʷṓws (whence Persian گاو(gâv, “cow”)) and *teleǵʰ-(“to beat, to crush”) (whence Sanskrit तृह्(tṛh, “to beat, to crush”)); see Pokorny for the latter root. The stem *tarza- is not attested in Old Iranian, unless Bailey is right in seeing it in Khotanese(ustairṣṭai, “you tore”) ← *us-tarz-.
Justi, Ferdinand (1895) “Gōtarzes”, in Iranisches Namenbuch (in German), Marburg: N. G. Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 118a
MacKenzie, D. N. (1986) “Some Names from Nisa”, in Peredneaziatskij sbornik. IV. Drevnjaja i srednevekovaja istorija i filologija stran Perednevo i Srednevo Vostoka, Moscow: Nauka, page 110
Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ustairṣṭai”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 43a
Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942) “Գոտորզ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (Erewani petakan hamalsaran. Gitakan ašxatutʻyunner; 21) (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 489
