ܚܝܠܐ

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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܚ ܘ ܠ (ḥ w l)
1 term

Inherited from Aramaic חַילָא (ḥaylā); compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (kháyil) with the sense of “miracle” a semantic loan from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.

Pronunciation

Noun

ܚܲܝܠܵܐ • (ḥaylā) m sg (plural ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯē))

  1. strength, vigor, might, force, power
    Synonyms: ܬܘܼܦܩܵܐ (tupqā), ܥܘܼܙܵܐ (ˁūzā), ܥܘܼܫܢܵܐ (ˁušnā), ܚܘܼܣܢܵܐ (ḥusnā)
  2. multitude, abundance, wealth, resource, possession
  3. potentiality, possibility, capacity
  4. miracle, wonder
  5. (military, in the plural) army, force, host

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܝܠܵܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f
singular absolute – 1st person ܚܲܝܠܝܼ (ḥaylī) ܚܲܝܠܲܢ (ḥaylan)
construct ܚܹܝܠ (ḥēl) 2nd person ܚܲܝܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaylūḵ) ܚܲܝܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaylāḵ) ܚܲܝܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwḵōn)
emphatic ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (ḥaylā) 3rd person ܚܲܝܠܹܗ (ḥaylēh) ܚܲܝܠܵܗ̇ (ḥaylāh) ܚܲܝܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥaylhōn)
plural absolute – 1st person ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯī) ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯan)
construct ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ (ḥaylāwāṯ) 2nd person ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥaylāwāṯūḵ) ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥaylāwāṯāḵ) ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwāṯāwḵōn)
emphatic ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯē) 3rd person ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥaylāwāṯūh) ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥaylāwāṯōh) ܚܲܝܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥaylāwāṯhōn)

Derived terms

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (ḥayil). The sense of "miracle" is a calque of Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis).

Pronunciation

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܐ)

  1. strength, vigor/vigour, might
  2. force, power
  3. (military) army, host
  4. multitude, abundance, wealth
  5. meaning, sense, import
  6. resource, possession
  7. courage, virtue
  8. sacred service
  9. (usually feminine) miracle, wonder
  10. potentiality, possibility, capacity
Inflection
Inflection of ܚܝܠܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f m f
singular absolute ܚܝܠ 1st person ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܢ
construct ܚܝܠ 2nd person ܚܝܠܟ ܚܝܠܟܝ ܚܝܠܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܗܝܢ
plural absolute ܚܝܠܝܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ 1st person ܚܝܠܝܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct ܚܝܠܝܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܝ 2nd person ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܝܟ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܐ ,ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܗܝ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܝܗ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)

  1. cry for help
  2. (by extension) help
Inflection
Inflection of ܚܝܠܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f m f
singular absolute ܚܝܠ 1st person ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܢ
construct ܚܝܠ 2nd person ܚܝܠܟ ܚܝܠܟܝ ܚܝܠܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܗܝܢ
plural absolute ܚܝܠܝܢ 1st person ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct ܚܝܠܝ 2nd person ܚܝܠܝܟ ܚܝܠܝܟܝ ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܘܗܝ ܚܝܠܝܗ ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Possibly from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl).

Pronunciation

Noun

ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)

  1. kind of plant
Inflection
Inflection of ܚܝܠܐ
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f m f
singular absolute ܚܝܠ 1st person ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܢ
construct ܚܝܠ 2nd person ܚܝܠܟ ܚܝܠܟܝ ܚܝܠܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗ ܚܝܠܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܗܝܢ
plural absolute ܚܝܠܝܢ 1st person ܚܝܠܝ ܚܝܠܝܢ
construct ܚܝܠܝ 2nd person ܚܝܠܝܟ ܚܝܠܝܟܝ ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ
emphatic ܚܝܠܐ 3rd person ܚܝܠܘܗܝ ܚܝܠܝܗ ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ

References

  • “ḥyl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 103b
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 140a-b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 447b-448a
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