अघ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagʰás (“bad, evil”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ-ós, from *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, afraid”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬖𐬀 (aγa, “evil”), Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “distress, pain”), Old English eġle (whence English ail).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ɡʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐ.ɡʱɐ/

अघ • (aghá) stem

1. bad, evil, sinful, dangerous
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.42.2:

     यो नः॑ पूषन्न् अ॒घो वृको॑ दुः॒शेव॑ आ॒दिदे॑शति ।
     अप॑ स्म॒ तं प॒थो ज॑हि ॥

     yó naḥ pūṣann aghó vṛ́ko duḥśéva ādídeśati.
     ápa sma táṃ pathó jahi.

     Drive, Pūṣan, from our road the wolf, the wicked inauspicious wolf,
     Who lies in wait to injure us.

अघ • (aghá) stem, n

1. evil, mishap, sin
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.41.11:

     इन्द्र॑श् च मृ॒ळया॑ति नो॒ न नः॑ प॒श्चाद् अ॒घं न॑शत् ।
     भ॒द्रं भ॑वाति नः पु॒रः ॥

     índraś ca mṛḷáyāti no ná naḥ paścā́d agháṃ naśat.
     bhadráṃ bhavāti naḥ puráḥ.

     Indra be gracious unto us: sin shall not reach us from behind,
     And good shall be before us still.

• Pali: agha
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳 (aha)
  • Hindi: अह (ah), अघ (agh)
• → Kannada: ಅಘ (agha)
• → Marathi: अघ (agh)
• → Odia: ଅଘ (agha)
• → Tamil: அகம் (akam)
• → Telugu: అఘము (aghamu)

• Monier Williams (1899) “अघ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0006.