अर्ध

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्ध (ardhá).

Doublet of आधा (ādhā), a tadbhava.

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /əɾd̪ʱ/,

अर्ध • (ardh) (indeclinable)

1. (literary, formal, in compounds) half

   Synonym: आधा (ādhā)

• अर्द्ध (arddh)

• अर्धायु (ardhāyu)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्ध (ardhá).

• IPA^(key):
• Phonetic Devanagari: अर्ध

अर्ध • (ardha)

1. half
2. mad; insane

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárdʰas. Cognate with ऋधक् (ṛdhak, “separately”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ar^əδa), Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, destroy”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɾ.d̪ʱɐ/, /ɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ/

अर्ध • (ardhá) stem

1. half, halved, forming a half

अर्ध • (ardhá) stem, n

1. the half (also m)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.30.1:

     भूय इद्वावृधे वीर्यायँ एको अजुर्यो दयते वसूनि ।
     प्र रिरिचे दिव इन्द्रः पृथिव्या अर्धमिदस्य प्रति रोदसी उभे ॥

     bhūya idvāvṛdhe vīryāyam̐ eko ajuryo dayate vasūni.
     pra ririce diva indraḥ pṛthivyā ardhamidasya prati rodasī ubhe.

     INDRA hath waxed yet more for hero prowess, alone, Eternal, he bestoweth treasures.
     Indra transcendeth both the worlds in greatness: one half of him equalleth earth and heaven.

2. one part of two
3. a part, party
4. (in the locative) in the middle

अर्ध • (árdha) stem, n (Vedic)

1. side, part
2. place, region, country

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: اَڈ (aḍ), اۆڈُ (oḍu)
  • Phalura: آڈ (ā́ḍu)
  • Torwali: ار (ar)
• Pali: addha
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀠 (aḍḍha), 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥 (addha)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀥 (addha)
      • Awadhi: आधा (ādhā)
      • Old Gujarati: अरधउं (aradhaüṃ)
        • Gujarati: અર્ધું (ardhũ), અડધું (aḍadhũ)
        • Marwari: अरधौ (ardhau)
      • Hindustani: ādhā
        • Hindi: आधा
        • Urdu: آدھا
      • → Telugu: అడ్డ (aḍḍa)
  • Eastern:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: আধা (adha), আধ (adh)
      • Bengali: আধ (adh), আধা (adha)
      • Bihari: आधा (ādhā)
        • Bhojpuri: आधा (ādhā)
        • Maithili: आध (ādh)
      • Odia: ଅଧ (adha), ଅଧା (adhā), ଆଡ଼ (āṛa)
      • Sylheti: ꠀꠗꠣ (àdá)
  • Northern:
    • Central Pahari:
      • Kumaoni: आद् (ād), आधो (ādho)
    • Eastern Pahari:
      • Nepali: आधा (ādhā), अध (adh)
    • Western Pahari:
      • Bhadrawahi: अद्धू (addhū), अद्दो (addo), अद्धा (addhā)
  • Northwestern:
    • Punjabi: addha
      • Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਧ
      • Shahmukhi script: اَدّھَ
    • Sindhi: adhu
      • Arabic script: اَڌُ
      • Devanagari script: अधु
  • Southern:
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: ādo

        Devanagari script: आदो

        Latin script: ado

        Kannada script: ಆದೊ

      • Marathi: अर्धे (ardhe)
    • Sinhalese: අඩ (aḍa)

Borrowed terms

• → Telugu: అర్ధము (ardhamu)

• Monier Williams (1899) “अर्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0091/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 119
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ardha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press