आम

Bhojpuri

Etymology

From Sanskrit आम्र (āmrá).

Noun

आम (ām) m (Kaithi 𑂄𑂧)

1. mango

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɑːm/,

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit आम्र (āmrá).

Noun

आम • (ām) m (Urdu spelling آم)

1. mango

Declension

Descendants

• → Pashto: ام (am)
• → Persian:
  • Dari: آم (ām)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm). Compare Bengali আম (am), Punjabi ਆਮ (ām).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling عام)

1. common, everyday

   आम आदमी ― ām ādmī ― common man

2. innocent

Alternative forms

• आम्म (āmm)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit आम (āmá).

Adjective

आम • (ām) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling آم)

1. raw, uncooked
2. undigested
3. undressed

Old Gujarati

Adverb

आम • (āma)

1. thus

Descendants

• Gujarati: આમ (āma)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw, uncooked”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude, uncooked, undressed”), Old Armenian հում (hum, “raw, uncooked”), Old Irish om (“raw, uncooked”), Persian خام (xâm, “crude, raw”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.mɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.mɐ/

Adjective

आम • (āmá) stem

1. raw, uncooked, unbaked, undressed
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.162.10:

     यदूवध्यमुदरस्यापवाति य आमस्य क्रविषो गन्धो अस्ति ।
     सुकृता तच्छमितारः कृण्वन्तूत मेधं शृतपाकं पचन्तु ॥

     yadūvadhyamudarasyāpavāti ya āmasya kraviṣo gandho asti .
     sukṛtā tacchamitāraḥ kṛṇvantūta medhaṃ śṛtapākaṃ pacantu .

     Undigested food steaming from belly, and any remaining odour of raw flesh,
     This let the immolators set in order and dress the sacrifice with perfect cooking.

2. unripe, immature

Declension

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “आम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 146/1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 170
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University