एक

Inherited from Old Hindi एक (eka), from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka). Reinforced by Sanskrit एक (eka).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /eːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

एक • (ek) (Urdu spelling ایک) (cardinal)

1. one; 1

एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)

1. sole, only
2. united

एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)

1. indefinite article (used largely to mean "a certain", but can be used more generally to refer to a noun in its first mention in a conversation)

• इकट्ठा (ikaṭṭhā)

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

एक • (ek) (Latin script ek, Kannada script ಎಕ್)

1. one

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

• IPA^(key):

एक • (ek)

1. one

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

• IPA^(key): /ek/

• Audio:

  (file)

एक • (ek)

1. one

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “एक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

• IPA^(key):
• Phonetic Devanagari: एक्

एक • (ek)

1. one

• इक (ika), हेक (heka)

Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).

एक (eka)

1. one
   • c. 1500, Kabīr 77.1:

     एक जोति तैं सब उतपंना, कौंण वारंण कौंण सूदा

     eka joti taiṃ saba utapaṃnā, kauṃṇa vāraṃṇa kauṃṇa sūdā

     All have arisen from one light, who is a brāhmaṇa and who is a śūdra?

• Hindustani: ek

  Hindi: एक

  Urdu: ایک

एक

1. Devanagari script form of eka (“one”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎ (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥

     Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.

     With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́j.kɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /eː.kɐ/

एक • (éka)

1. one

एक • (éka) stem

1. (with and without एव (eva)) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only
2. the same, one and the same, identical
3. one of two or many
4. single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent
5. sincere, truthful
6. little, small
7. (sometimes used as an indefinite article) a, an
8. (in the plural) some, certain ones

एक • (éka) stem, n

1. unity, a unit (at the end of a compound)

• ऐक्य (aikya)

Due to the indistinctive Middle Indo-Aryan vocable *ea ~ *ia resulting from the natural lenition of एक (eka), it was overwhelmingly replaced by the form *ekka in descendant languages.

• Dardic:
  • Kalami: (ak), (akh)
  • Gawar-Bati: یَک (yak)
  • Indus Kohistani: (ak)
  • Kalasha: ek
  • Kashmiri:
    • Arabic script: اَکھ (akh)
    • Devanagari script: अख (akh)
  • Khowar: اِ (i)
  • Phalura: آکھ (āk), آ (ā)
  • Shina: ایٗک (aík)
  • Savi: (yak), (ek)
  • Shumashti: (yek)
  • Tirahi: (īk)
  • Torwali: (ē), (ēk)
  • Ushojo: اک (ak)
• Eastern:
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    • Assamese: এক (ek), এ- (e-)
    • Bengali: এক (ek)
    • Bhojpuri: एगो (ēgō)
    • Maithili: एक (ēk)
    • Odia: ଏ (e)
    • Rohingya: (ek)
• Southern:
  • Elu:
    • Dhivehi: އެއް (ek̊)
    • Sinhalese: එක (eka)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Konkani: एक (ēk)
    • Marathi: एक (ek)
• Pali: eka
  • → Burmese: ဧက (eka.)
  • → Khmer: ឯក (ʼaek)
  • → Lao: ເອກ (ʼēk)
  • → Thai: เอก (èek)
• Central:
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka)
    • Apabhramsa: एक्क (ekka)
      • Central:
        • Old Hindi: एक (eka), इक (ika), हेक (heka)
          • Hindustani: ek

            Hindi: एक

            Urdu: ایک

      • Northern:
        • Garhwali: यक (yak)
        • Nepali: एक (ek)
        • Dogri:

          Devanagari script: इक (ik)

          Dogra script: 𑠂𑠊 (ika)

      • Northwestern:
        • Punjabi:

          Gurmukhi script: ਇੱਕ (ikka)

          Shahmukhi script: اِکّ (īkk)

      • Western:
        • Saurashtra: ꢫꣂꢔ꣄ (yōg)
        • Gujarati: એક (eka)
        • Romani: jekh, ekh, yek, ek, äk, ăc
          • Angloromani: yek
    (see there for further descendants)
• Northern:
  • Sindhi: هڪ (hik)
  • Lahnda: (hekk), (hikk)
  • Kumaoni: एक (ek)
• → Old Javanese: eka
  • Javanese: ꦲꦺꦏ (éka)
  • → Balinese: ᬏᬓ (éka)
• → Kannada: ಏಕ (ēka)
• → Malay: ايک (eka)
  • Indonesian: eka
• → Malayalam: ഏക (ēka), ഏകം (ēkaṁ)
• → Santali: ᱮᱠᱚ (ekô)
• → Telugu: ఏకము (ēkamu)
• → Thai: เอก (èek)
• → Prasuni: (ipin)
• → Waigali: (ew)

• Monier Williams (1899) “एक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0227/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 262-3