एतद्

Pali

Alternative forms

Adjective

एतद्

1. Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular neuter of एत (eta, “this”)

Pronoun

एतद् n

1. Devanagari script form of etad, which is nominative/accusative singular of एत (eta, “this one”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *éy + *tód. Compare Russian этот (etot), Latin istud.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐj.tɐ́d/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.t̪ɐd̪/

Pronoun

एतद् • (etád)

1. this, this here

   एष बाणः ― eṣa bāṇaḥ ― this arrow

   एष कालः ― eṣa kālaḥ ― this time, i.e. now

   • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎, Colombo, 2009:

     5. න හි වෛරෙණ වෛරාණී ශාම්‍යන‍්තීහ කදාචන
     ක්‍ෂාන‍්ත්‍යා වෛරාණී ශම්‍යන‍්ති එෂ ධර්‍මඃ සනාතනඃ.

     5. Na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
     Kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyanti eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.

     5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
     Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal truth.

     (literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
     Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This truth is eternal.”)

     (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

2. sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns

   एषोऽहम् ― eṣoʼham ― I (emphatic); the person right here

Declension

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalami: aṣe
  • Khowar: ہیس (hes)
  • Torwali: اے (e)
• Pali: eso, eta
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀏𑀱 (eṣa), 𑀏𑀲 (esa), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 (esā)
  • Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), 𑀏𑀅𑀁 (eaṃ), 𑀏𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (eassa)
    • Central:
      • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
        • Awadhi: यह (yah), एहु (ehu), इउ (iu)
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Domaaki: (hei)
        • Old Hindi: यहु (yahu), यह (yaha), यौ (yau)
          • Braj: यह (yah)
          • Hindustani:

            Hindi: यह (yah)

            Urdu: یہ (yah)

    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Assamese: ই (i), এই (ei)
        • Bengali: এ (e), এত (et)
        • Bihari:
          • Maithili: ई (ī), एँ (ē̃)
        • Odia: ଏ (e)
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Central Pahari:
          • Kumaoni: यो (yo)
        • Eastern Pahari:
          • Nepali: यो (yo), यस (yas)
        • Western Pahari:
          • Bhadrawahi: ई (ī), इस (is)
    • Northwestern:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Takka Apabhramsa:
          • Lahnda: اے (e), اس (is), ایہو (īho)
          • Punjabi: eh, ih, e

            Gurmukhi script: ਏਹ, ਇਹ, ਏ

            Shahmukhi script: اِہ, اِہ, اے

        • Vracada Apabhramsa:
          • Sindhi: hiu, hia, ĩẽ, īho, īhā

            Arabic script: هِءُ, هِءَ, اِين, اِيهو, اِيهَا

            Devanagari script: हिउ, हिअ, इएं, ईहो, ईहा

    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Dhivehi: އެ (e)
        • Sinhalese: එ (e), ඒ (ē)
    • Western:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Gujarati: એ (e)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “एतद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 231.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “esa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 122