कङ्काल

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

কঙ্কাল (Assamese script)
ᬓᬗ᭄ᬓᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
কঙ্কাল (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰒𑰿𑰎𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ကင်္ကာလ (Burmese script)
કઙ્કાલ (Gujarati script)
ਕਙ੍ਕਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌙𑍍𑌕𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦔ꧀ꦏꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂑𑂹𑂍𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಕಙ್ಕಾಲ (Kannada script)
កង្កាល (Khmer script)
ກງ຺ກາລ (Lao script)
കങ്കാല (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᢛᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘒𑘿𑘎𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᢊᢉᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑦲𑧠𑦮𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐒𑑂𑐎𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
କଙ୍କାଲ (Odia script)
ꢒꢖ꣄ꢒꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆕𑇀𑆑𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖒𑖿𑖎𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
කඞ‍්කාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩠 𑪙𑩜𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚎𑚶𑚊𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
கங்கால (Tamil script)
కఙ్కాల (Telugu script)
กงฺกาล (Thai script)
ཀ་ངྐཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒓𑓂𑒏𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨏𑩇𑨋𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain. Either:

1: From Proto-Indo-European *kenkēl- (“kneecap; joint”). Cognate with English heel, Old Norse hæll, Latvian cinksla and Lithuanian kenkle.

2: From a non-Aryan substrate; perhaps related to Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐŋ.kɑː.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐŋˈkɑː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

कङ्काल • (kaṅkāla) stem, n

skeleton

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of कङ्काल
Nom. sg.	कङ्कालम् (kaṅkālam)
Gen. sg.	कङ्कालस्य (kaṅkālasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कङ्कालम् (kaṅkālam)	कङ्काले (kaṅkāle)	कङ्कालानि (kaṅkālāni)
Vocative	कङ्काल (kaṅkāla)	कङ्काले (kaṅkāle)	कङ्कालानि (kaṅkālāni)
Accusative	कङ्कालम् (kaṅkālam)	कङ्काले (kaṅkāle)	कङ्कालानि (kaṅkālāni)
Instrumental	कङ्कालेन (kaṅkālena)	कङ्कालाभ्याम् (kaṅkālābhyām)	कङ्कालैः (kaṅkālaiḥ)
Dative	कङ्कालाय (kaṅkālāya)	कङ्कालाभ्याम् (kaṅkālābhyām)	कङ्कालेभ्यः (kaṅkālebhyaḥ)
Ablative	कङ्कालात् (kaṅkālāt)	कङ्कालाभ्याम् (kaṅkālābhyām)	कङ्कालेभ्यः (kaṅkālebhyaḥ)
Genitive	कङ्कालस्य (kaṅkālasya)	कङ्कालयोः (kaṅkālayoḥ)	कङ्कालानाम् (kaṅkālānām)
Locative	कङ्काले (kaṅkāle)	कङ्कालयोः (kaṅkālayoḥ)	कङ्कालेषु (kaṅkāleṣu)

Descendants

Pali: kaṅkala
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀀𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kam̐kāla)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কঁকাল (kõkal), কঁকালী (kõkali)
    - Bengali: কাঁকাল (kãkal), কাঁকালি (kãkali)
    - Odia: କଂକାଳ (kaṅkāḷa), କଂକାଳି (kaṅkāḷi)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކަކޫ (kakū)
    - Sinhalese: කකුල (kakula)
→ Bengali: কঙ্কাল (koṅkal)
→ Gujarati: કંકાલ (kaṅkāl)
→ Hindi: कंकाल (kaṅkāl)
→ Odia: କଙ୍କାଳ (kaṅkāḷa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कङ्काल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 242/2.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kankala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 129

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