कर्पास

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কৰ্পাস (Assamese script)
ᬓᬃᬧᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
কর্পাস (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰢𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
ကရ်္ပါသ (Burmese script)
કર્પાસ (Gujarati script)
ਕਰ੍ਪਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌪𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦂꦥꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂣𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
ಕರ್ಪಾಸ (Kannada script)
កប៌ាស (Khmer script)
ກຣ຺ປາສ (Lao script)
കര്പാസ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᡵᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘢𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᠷᢒᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧈𑧠𑧂𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐥𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
କର୍ପାସ (Odia script)
ꢒꢬ꣄ꢦꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆥𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖢𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
කර්‍පාස (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩰𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚞𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
கர்பாஸ (Tamil script)
కర్పాస (Telugu script)
กรฺปาส (Thai script)
ཀ་རྤཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒣𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨞𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

A foreign Wanderwort, likely borrowed from an eastern substrate. Compare Burushaski (γupas), Proto-Austroasiatic *k-rn-pas, whence Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas․

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐɾ.pɑ́ː.sɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐɾˈpɑː.s̪ɐ/

Noun

कर्पास • (karpā́sa) stem, m or n

cotton, Gossypium arboreum (material and plant)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्पास (karpāsa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्पासः karpāsaḥ	कर्पासौ / कर्पासा¹ karpāsau / karpāsā¹	कर्पासाः / कर्पासासः¹ karpāsāḥ / karpāsāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कर्पास karpāsa	कर्पासौ / कर्पासा¹ karpāsau / karpāsā¹	कर्पासाः / कर्पासासः¹ karpāsāḥ / karpāsāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कर्पासम् karpāsam	कर्पासौ / कर्पासा¹ karpāsau / karpāsā¹	कर्पासान् karpāsān
Instrumental	कर्पासेन karpāsena	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासैः / कर्पासेभिः¹ karpāsaiḥ / karpāsebhiḥ¹
Dative	कर्पासाय karpāsāya	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासेभ्यः karpāsebhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्पासात् karpāsāt	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासेभ्यः karpāsebhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्पासस्य karpāsasya	कर्पासयोः karpāsayoḥ	कर्पासानाम् karpāsānām
Locative	कर्पासे karpāse	कर्पासयोः karpāsayoḥ	कर्पासेषु karpāseṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of कर्पास (karpāsa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्पासम् karpāsam	कर्पासे karpāse	कर्पासानि / कर्पासा¹ karpāsāni / karpāsā¹
Vocative	कर्पास karpāsa	कर्पासे karpāse	कर्पासानि / कर्पासा¹ karpāsāni / karpāsā¹
Accusative	कर्पासम् karpāsam	कर्पासे karpāse	कर्पासानि / कर्पासा¹ karpāsāni / karpāsā¹
Instrumental	कर्पासेन karpāsena	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासैः / कर्पासेभिः¹ karpāsaiḥ / karpāsebhiḥ¹
Dative	कर्पासाय karpāsāya	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासेभ्यः karpāsebhyaḥ
Ablative	कर्पासात् karpāsāt	कर्पासाभ्याम् karpāsābhyām	कर्पासेभ्यः karpāsebhyaḥ
Genitive	कर्पासस्य karpāsasya	कर्पासयोः karpāsayoḥ	कर्पासानाम् karpāsānām
Locative	कर्पासे karpāse	कर्पासयोः karpāsayoḥ	कर्पासेषु karpāseṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: کَپَس (kapas)
- → Proto-Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri: karbeso
Pali: kappāsa, kappāsī
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲 (kappāsa), 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲𑀻 (kappāsī)
- Central:
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Old Awadhi: कपास (kapāsa)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲 (kappāsa)
    - Hindustani: kapās
      - Hindi: कपास
      - Urdu: کَپَاس (kapās)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কপাহ (kopah)
    - Bengali: কাপাস (kapaś)
    - Bihari: कपास (kapās)
      - Bhojpuri: कपास (kapās)
    - Odia: କପା (kapā)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: कपास (kapās)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: कपास (kapās), कबास (kabās), कपासि (kapāsi)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Lahnda: کپاہ (kapāh)
      - Punjabi: kapāh, kupāh
        Gurmukhi script: ਕਪਾਹ, ਕੁਪਾਹ
        
        Shahmukhi script: کَپَاہ, کُپَاہ
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: kapāha
        Arabic script: ڪَپَاهَ
        
        Devanagari script: कपाह
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކަފަ (kafa)
    - Sinhalese: කපු (kapu)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲 (kappāsa)
    - Konkani: kāppūsa
      Devanagari script: काप्पूस
      
      Kannada script: ಕಾಪ್ಪೂಸ
      
      Latin script: kappus
    - Marathi: कपास (kapās), कापूस (kāpūs), कपशी (kapśī)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸𑀲 (kappāsa)
    - Gujarati: કપાસ (kapās)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: কর্পাস (korpaś)
→ Burushaski: gupáas
- → Domaaki: gupā́sa
→ Persian: کَروَاس (karvâs), کرباس (karbâs), کرپاس (karpâs)
- → Aramaic:
  Jewish Literary Aramaic: כרפסא (*karpāsā)
  
  Classical Syriac: ܟܪܒܣܐ (karbāsā)
  - → Arabic: كِرْبَاس (kirbās)
- → Kalasha: کروس (kravas)
- → Khowar: کروس (karvás)
- → Shina: کھیاس (khayās)
→ Newar: कपाय् (kapæ)
→ Arabic: كُرْسُف (kursuf), كُرْفُس (kurfus) — hardly found in use, apparently original form obsolete by the time Arabic is usually attested
- → Ancient Greek: γοσσύπιον (gossúpion)
  - → Latin: gossypium
- → Ottoman Turkish: كرسف (kırsef)
→ Old Armenian: կերպաս (kerpas) (via Iranian)
→ Middle Chinese: 古貝 (MC kuX pajH), 劫波育 (MC kjaep pa yuwk) (possibly via Prakrit)
→ Tocharian B: *kampās
→ Hebrew: כַּרְפַּס (karpás)
- → Ancient Greek: κάρπᾰσος (kárpasos), κάλπᾰσος (kálpasos)
  - ⇒ Ancient Greek: καρπᾰ́σινος (karpásinos, “fabric made of cotton”)
  - → Latin: carbasus (“fabric of cotton”)
→ Malay: kapas
- → Indonesian: kapas
→ Ilocano: kapas
→ Tagalog: kapas
→ Waray-Waray: gapas
→ Khmer: កប្បាស (kɑpbaah)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karpasa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 146
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 317-318
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 174-175