कषाय

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Kāṣāya

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Of unclear origin.

Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to rub, scrape”); however, this is semantically doubtful.

Turner takes the variety of suffixes found in the word's descendants as evidence of a substrate, probably Proto-Dravidian *kac-, borrowing; compare Telugu కసు (kasu, “raw, unripe”). Mayrhofer, on the other hand, takes it as evidence of Indo-European origin (particularly with the word's Vedic presence), and gives काषण (kāṣaṇa, “unripe”) as the true Dravidian borrowing and cognate of the above Telugu term.

Whether the "astringent" and "red" meanings are etymologically connected is uncertain.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ʂɑː.jɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐˈʂɑː.jɐ/

कषाय • (kaṣāya)

1. astringent
2. fragrant
3. red, dull red, yellowish red

कषाय • (kaṣāya) stem, m

1. an astringent extract of juice
2. decoction, infusion
3. dirt, filth
4. stain, impurity
5. dullness, stupidity
6. a dull or yellowish red garment or robe in Buddhism, a kashaya

• Monier Williams (1899) “कषाय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0265/3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कषाय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कषाय”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 332
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 190-1
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kaṣāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press