केवल

Borrowed from Sanskrit केवल (kévala).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /keː.ʋəl/,

केवल • (keval) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling کیول)

1. sole
2. one and only

केवल • (keval) (Urdu spelling کیول)

1. only
2. solely
3. merely

• सिर्फ़ (sirf)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *káywalas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káywalas, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kéywelos (“alone”); compare Latin *cael, caelebs (“single, unmarried”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́j.ʋɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkeː.ʋɐ.l̪ɐ/

केवल • (kévala)

1. entirely, wholly, absolutely
2. but
3. certainly, decidedly

केवल • (kévala) stem

1. exclusively one’s one
2. sole, alone, unmingled, excluding others
3. not connected with anything else, isolated, abstract, absolute
4. simple, pure, uncompounded, unmingled
5. entire, whole, all
6. selfish, envious

केवल • (kévala) stem, m

1. a dancer, tumbler
2. name of a prince
3. name of a locality

केवल • (kévala) stem, n

1. the doctrine of the absolute unity of spirit
2. the highest possible knowledge
3. Kerala

• Pali: kevala (“alone, complete”), kevalaṃ (“only”)
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀯𑀮 (kevala, “alone, complete”), 𑀓𑁂𑀯𑀮𑀁 (kevalaṃ, “only”)
  • Old Gujarati: केवलउं (kevalauṃ)
• → Assamese: কেৱল (kewol) (learned)
• → Bengali: কেবল (kebol) (learned)
• → Gujarati: કેવળ (kevaḷ) (learned)
• → Hindi: केवल (keval) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಕೇವಲ (kēvala) (learned)
• → Malayalam: കേവലം (kēvalaṁ) (learned)
• → Marathi: केवळ (kevaḷ) (learned)
• → Nepali: केवल (kewal) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਕੇਵਲ (keval) (learned)
• → Telugu: కేవలము (kēvalamu) (learned)

• Monier Williams (1899) “केवल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 309/1, 310/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 400
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kḗvala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press