गन्ध • (gandh) f
गन्ध m
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गन्धो (gandho) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
| Accusative (second) | गन्धं (gandhaṃ) | गन्धे (gandhe) |
| Instrumental (third) | गन्धेन (gandhena) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) or गन्धाय (gandhāya) or गन्धत्थं (gandhatthaṃ) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गन्धस्मा (gandhasmā) or गन्धम्हा (gandhamhā) or गन्धा (gandhā) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गन्धस्मिं (gandhasmiṃ) or गन्धम्हि (gandhamhi) or गन्धे (gandhe) | गन्धेसु (gandhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गन्ध (gandha) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate.[1] Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”).[2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaiṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaiṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).
गन्ध • (gandhá) stem, m
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गन्धः (gandhaḥ) | गन्धौ (gandhau) गन्धा¹ (gandhā¹) |
गन्धाः (gandhāḥ) गन्धासः¹ (gandhāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | गन्ध (gandha) | गन्धौ (gandhau) गन्धा¹ (gandhā¹) |
गन्धाः (gandhāḥ) गन्धासः¹ (gandhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | गन्धम् (gandham) | गन्धौ (gandhau) गन्धा¹ (gandhā¹) |
गन्धान् (gandhān) |
| instrumental | गन्धेन (gandhena) | गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhābhyām) | गन्धैः (gandhaiḥ) गन्धेभिः¹ (gandhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गन्धाय (gandhāya) | गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhābhyām) | गन्धेभ्यः (gandhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गन्धात् (gandhāt) | गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhābhyām) | गन्धेभ्यः (gandhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गन्धस्य (gandhasya) | गन्धयोः (gandhayoḥ) | गन्धानाम् (gandhānām) |
| locative | गन्धे (gandhe) | गन्धयोः (gandhayoḥ) | गन्धेषु (gandheṣu) |
Borrowed terms