घटना

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Hindi

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡʱəʈ.nɑː/,

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit घटना (ghaṭanā). Compare to Bengali ঘটনা (ghôṭôna).

Noun

घटना (ghaṭnāf (Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)

  1. event, occurrence
  2. incident
  3. accident
Declension

Etymology 2

Hindi verb set
घटना (ghaṭnā)
घटाना (ghaṭānā)
घटवाना (ghaṭvānā)

Inherited from Old Hindi घटना (ghaṭanā), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (ghaṭṭadi), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ghaṭṭati), perhaps derived from Sanskrit घट्ट् (ghaṭṭ, to rub; to speak ill of) in the "speak ill of" sense. Cognate with Maithili घटब (ghaṭab) / 𑒒𑒙𑒥 (ghaṭaba), Nepali घट्नु (ghaṭnu), Punjabi ਘਟਣਾ (ghaṭṇā) / گَھٹݨا (ghaṭṇā), Gojri گھٹنو (ghaṭno), Saraiki گَھٹَّݨ (ghaṭṭaṇ), Marwari घटणौ (ghaṭṇau) / 𑅘𑅞𑅢𑅒 (ghṭṇu), Sindhi گَهٽَڻُ / घटणु / 𑊾𑋆𑋌𑋣 (ghaṭaṇu), Gujarati ઘટવું (ghaṭvũ), Marathi घटणे (ghaṭṇe), Assamese ঘটা (ghota), ঘাটা (ghata).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Though Turner lists the root of this family of words (*ghaṭṭ-²) as being separate from घट्ट् (ghaṭṭ, to rub, touch; to stir round; to have a bad effect or influence on; to hurt with words) in the "rub, touch" sense, there seems to be a strong semantic link between the two. It's not unfeasible to assume a semantic shift from "to rub, have a bad influence on" > ("to hurt with words" >) "to decrease, lose".”

Verb

घटना (ghaṭnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling گَھٹْنَا)

  1. to decrease, to decline, to dwindle
  2. to be lost, reduced, lowered
Conjugation

Further reading

Old Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ghaṭṭaï), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀖𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ghaṭṭati). Cognate with Old Punjabi ਘਟਿ (ghaṭi /⁠ghaṭṭi⁠/).

Verb

घटना (ghaṭanā)

  1. to be missing, be less
    • c. 1420, Kabīr, Kabīr Vāṇī 206.2:
      तुलह न तोली गजाह न मापी, पहजन सेर अढाई
      अढाई मौंहि जे पाव घटइ, तौ करकच करै बजहाई
      tulaha na tolī gajāha na māpī, pahajana sera aḍhāī
      aḍhāī ma͠uhi je pāva ghaṭai, tau karakaca karai bajahāī
      did not weigh on a scale, did not measure in gaz
      approximately two and half ser; if in two and half one quarter is missing, the remainder/fragment complains

Descendants

  • Braj: घटन (ghaṭan)
  • Hindustani:
    Hindi: घटना (ghaṭnā)
    Urdu: گَھٹْنَا (ghaṭnā)

Further reading

  • Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 530
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ghaṭṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 238

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Feminine form of घटन (ghaṭana, connection or union with).

Pronunciation

Noun

घटना (ghaṭanā) stemf

  1. exertion, motion, acting, manner of acting
  2. striving after, being occupied or busy with
  3. taking effect, answering, accomplishment
  4. connection, union with
  5. (= °ट) a troop (of elephants)
  6. a literary composition
  7. a work consisting of
  8. happening, occurring, occurrence, event, incident, phenomenon

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of घटना (ghaṭanā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative घटना
ghaṭanā
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Vocative घटने
ghaṭane
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Accusative घटनाम्
ghaṭanām
घटने
ghaṭane
घटनाः
ghaṭanāḥ
Instrumental घटनया / घटना¹
ghaṭanayā / ghaṭanā¹
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभिः
ghaṭanābhiḥ
Dative घटनायै
ghaṭanāyai
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभ्यः
ghaṭanābhyaḥ
Ablative घटनायाः / घटनायै²
ghaṭanāyāḥ / ghaṭanāyai²
घटनाभ्याम्
ghaṭanābhyām
घटनाभ्यः
ghaṭanābhyaḥ
Genitive घटनायाः / घटनायै²
ghaṭanāyāḥ / ghaṭanāyai²
घटनयोः
ghaṭanayoḥ
घटनानाम्
ghaṭanānām
Locative घटनायाम्
ghaṭanāyām
घटनयोः
ghaṭanayoḥ
घटनासु
ghaṭanāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

References