छाया

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Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā́). Doublet of छाँव (chā̃v) and साया (sāyā).

Pronunciation

Noun

छाया • (chāyā) f (Urdu spelling چھایا)

  1. shade, a shady place
    Synonym: छाँव (chā̃v)
    तुम्हें छाया में बैठना चाहिए, क्योंकि बहुत गर्मी है।
    tumhẽ chāyā mẽ baiṭhnā cāhie, kyõki bahut garmī hai.
    You should sit in the shade, because it is very hot.
  2. shadow, silhouette
    Synonym: परछाई (parchāī)
    पृथ्वी की छाया चन्द्रमा पर है।
    pŕthvī kī chāyā candramā par hai.
    The earth's shadow is on the moon.
  3. (rare) apparition, spectre
  4. (figuratively) refuge, protection, shelter

Declension

Declension of छाया (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct छाया
chāyā 		छायाएँ
chāyāẽ
oblique छाया
chāyā 		छायाओं
chāyāõ
vocative छाया
chāyā 		छायाओ
chāyāo

References

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Noun

छाया f

  1. Devanagari script form of chāyā

Declension

Declension table of "छाया" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)छाया (chāyā)छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)
Accusative (second)छायं (chāyaṃ)छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)
Instrumental (third)छायाय (chāyāya)छायाहि (chāyāhi) or छायाभि (chāyābhi)
Dative (fourth)छायाय (chāyāya)छायानं (chāyānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)छायाय (chāyāya)छायाहि (chāyāhi) or छायाभि (chāyābhi)
Genitive (sixth)छायाय (chāyāya)छायानं (chāyānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)छायाय (chāyāya) or छायायं (chāyāyaṃ)छायासु (chāyāsu)
Vocative (calling)छाये (chāye)छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH (“shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀-𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (a-saiia, “shadowless”), Persian سایه (sâye, “shadow”), Latin obscūrus, Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá), English shadow.

Pronunciation

Noun

छाया • (chāyā́) stem, f

  1. shadow; shade; shady place
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.16.38:
      उप च्छायाम् इव घृणेर् अगन्म शर्म ते वयम् ।
      upa cchāyām iva ghṛṇer aganma śarma te vayam.
      To thee for shelter are we come, as to the shade from fervent heat
  2. reflection
  3. shading or blending of colours; play of light or colour

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of छाया (chāyā́)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative छाया
chāyā́ 		छाये
chāyé 		छायाः
chāyā́ḥ
Vocative छाये
chā́ye 		छाये
chā́ye 		छायाः
chā́yāḥ
Accusative छायाम्
chāyā́m 		छाये
chāyé 		छायाः
chāyā́ḥ
Instrumental छायया / छाया¹
chāyáyā / chāyā́¹ 		छायाभ्याम्
chāyā́bhyām 		छायाभिः
chāyā́bhiḥ
Dative छायायै
chāyā́yai 		छायाभ्याम्
chāyā́bhyām 		छायाभ्यः
chāyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative छायायाः / छायायै²
chāyā́yāḥ / chāyā́yai² 		छायाभ्याम्
chāyā́bhyām 		छायाभ्यः
chāyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive छायायाः / छायायै²
chāyā́yāḥ / chāyā́yai² 		छाययोः
chāyáyoḥ 		छायानाम्
chāyā́nām
Locative छायायाम्
chāyā́yām 		छाययोः
chāyáyoḥ 		छायासु
chāyā́su
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “छाया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 406/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 559-60
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “chāyāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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