जड

Konkani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Adjective

जड • (jaḍ) (Latin script zodd, Kannada script ಜಡ್)

1. heavy

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘚 (jaḍa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa), from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa). Related to जाड (jāḍ), जाडे (jāḍe, “thick, stout, fat”). Compare Gujarati જડ (jaḍ), Hindustani جَڑ (jaṛ) / जड़ (jaṛ), Sindhi جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu), Odia ଜଡ଼ (jôṛô), Bengali জড় (joṛ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡zəɖ/

Adjective

जड • (j̈aḍ)

1. heavy
2. sluggish

   जीभ जड होणे ― jībh j̈aḍ hoṇe ― to have unclear articulation (literally, “tongue to become sluggish”)

3. difficult

   जड जाणे ― j̈aḍ j̈āṇe ― to be difficult (literally, “to go difficult”)

4. (of water) hard (with a high concentration of dissolved minerals)

   जड पाणी ― j̈aḍ pāṇī ― hard water

5. inanimate

Derived terms

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine, “जड”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Raeside, Ian Matthew Paton, Nemade, Bhalchandra Vanaji (1991) Marathi Reading Course, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, page 188
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “जड”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “जड”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

According to Turner, probably of non-Indo-Aryan origin. In the meaning of "cold", probably contaminated with descendants of Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”) (whence English cold and Latin gelū), compare जळ्हु (jaḷhu, “cool”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ/

Adjective

जड • (jaḍá) stem

1. cold, frigid
2. stiff, torpid
3. stupid, dull

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• जळ्हु (jaḷhu, “cool”)
• जल् (jal, “to be stiff or dull”), जलति (jalati) (probably contaminated with this term)

Descendants

• Pali: jaḷa (“dull, stupid”)
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa, “lifeless, foolish, cold”), 𑀚𑀮 n (jala, “coldness”), 𑀚𑀟𑁆𑀟 (jaḍḍa, “weak”)
  • Gujarati: જડ (jaḍ)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: जड़ (jaṛ)
    • Urdu: جَڑ (jaṛ)
  • Sindhi: جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu)
  • Odia: ଜଡ଼ (jôṛô)
  • Bengali: জড় (joṛ)

See also descendants of जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative).

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press