जातु

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

The other meanings come from the original sense of "by birth", which is from a neuter adverbial accusative of Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtúš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁-tu-, from *ǵenh₁- (“to be born”). Equivalent to जन् (jan, root) +‎ -तु (-tu). Compare a parallel formation in Latin nātū, and English nature.[1]

Pronunciation

Adverb

जातु • (jātu)[2]

  1. (Vedic) from birth, innately
  2. (Vedic, Classical Sanskrit) at all, ever
  3. possibly, perhaps (typically preceded by अपि (api) or followed by चिद् (cid))
  4. some day, once upon a time

Usage notes

When preceded by न (na) in न जातु (na jātu), the meaning is "not at all" or "never".

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 428
  2. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “जातु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418.
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