जाल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Cognate with Assamese জাল (zal), Marathi जाळे (jāḷe), Punjabi ਜਾਲ਼ (jāḷ), Sinhalese දැල (dæla).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑːl/,

Noun

जाल • (jāl) m (Urdu spelling جال)

1. net
2. web, spider web

   Synonym: जाला (jālā)

3. (figuratively) trap, snare
4. (computing) net, network, web

Declension

Descendants

• → Dari: جال (jāl)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “जाल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “जाल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.lɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɑː.l̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Vṛddhi derivative of जल (jalá).

Adjective

जाल • (jālá) stem

1. watery

Declension

Etymology 2

Of unclear origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to braid, twist”) and connected to गरल (garala, “a bundle of grass or hay”) and जटा (jaṭā, “braid of hair”). Kuiper, however, claims Proto-Munda origin for जाल (jāla) and जटा (jaṭā). Alternatively, Forssman suggests a connection with Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).

Noun

जाल • (jālá) stem, n

1. a net (for catching birds, fish etc.)
2. a hairnet
3. a net (figurative), snare
4. (anatomy) the omentum
5. a cobweb
6. any reticulated or woven texture, wire-net, mail-coat, wire-helmet
7. a lattice, eyelet
8. a lattice window
9. the finger and toe-membrane of divine beings and godlike personages
10. a lion’s mane
11. a bundle of buds
12. collection multitude
13. deception, illusion magic
14. pride
15. jāta, kind, species

Declension

Etymology 3

Noun

जाल • (jālá) stem, m

1. a tree of species Neolamarckia cadamba (syn. Nauclea cadamba)
2. a small cucumber

Declension

Descendants

• → Malay: jala
  • Indonesian: jala
  • → Pattani Malay: ยาลอ (jalɔ) (learned)
  • →? Rade: jal
  • → Tagalog: dala
  • → Thai: ยะลา (yá-laa)
  • → Urak Lawoi': ยฺาลา (jala) (learned)
• → Old Javanese: jāla
  • Javanese: ꦗꦭ (jala)
  • → Balinese: ᬚᬮ (jala)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 419/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 431