ज्या

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰyáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyéH (“bow-string, string”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁 (jiiā), Persian زه (zeh), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Middle Welsh gieu (“tendon”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑi.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/

ज्या • (jyā́) stem, f (metrical Vedic jiyā́)

1. a bowstring
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.75.3:

     योषेव शिङ्क्ते वितताधि धन्वञ्ज्या इयं समने पारयन्ती ॥

     yoṣeva śiṅkte vitatādhi dhanvañjyā iyaṃ samane pārayantī.

     Strained on the Bow, She whispers like a woman-this Bowstring that preserves us in the combat.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.11:

     प्रमुञ्च॒ धन्व॑न॒स्त्वमु॒भयो॒रार्त्नि॑यो॒र्ज्याम् ।
     याश्च॑ ते॒ हस्त॒ इष॑वः॒ परा॒ ता भ॑गवो वप ॥

     prámúñca dhánvanastvámubháyorā́rtniyorjyā́m.
     yā́śca te hásta íṣavaḥ párā tā́ bhagavo vapa.

     Unfasten the bowstring from the two notches of thy bow,
     And cast thou down the arrows in thy hand.

2. (trigonometry) sine

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: ǰi
• Pali: jiyā

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 427, column 1.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “jyā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.

• जी (jī)

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/

ज्या • (jyā)

1. to overpower, oppress

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 426, column 3.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 56