तोष

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Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तोष (toṣa).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪oːʂ/,

Noun

तोष • (toṣ) m

(formal) satisfaction, contentment, delight
Synonyms: तृप्ति (tŕpti), तुष्टि (tuṣṭi), संतोष (santoṣ), संतुष्टि (santuṣṭi)

Declension

Declension of तोष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तोष toṣ	तोष toṣ
oblique	तोष toṣ	तोषों toṣõ
vocative	तोष toṣ	तोषो toṣo

Further reading

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तोष”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi : Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Platts, John T. (1884) “तोष”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

তোষ (Assamese script)
ᬢᭀᬱ (Balinese script)
তোষ (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰺𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑁄𑀱 (Brahmi script)
တောၑ (Burmese script)
તોષ (Gujarati script)
ਤੋਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑍋𑌷 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦺꦴꦰ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂷𑂭 (Kaithi script)
ತೋಷ (Kannada script)
តោឞ (Khmer script)
ໂຕຩ (Lao script)
തോഷ (Malayalam script)
ᢠᠣᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘻𑘬 (Modi script)
ᢐᠣᠸᠠᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧜𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑑀𑐲 (Newa script)
ତୋଷ (Odia script)
ꢡꣂꢰ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑆾𑆰 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖺𑖬 (Siddham script)
තොෂ (Sinhalese script)
𑩫𑩕𑪀 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚴 (Takri script)
தோஷ (Tamil script)
తోష (Telugu script)
โตษ (Thai script)
ཏོ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑒼𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑨆𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tews-os. By surface analysis, तुष् (tuṣ, “to be satisfied”, root) +‎ -अ (-a).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐw.ʂɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪oː.ʂɐ/

Noun

तोष • (toṣa) stem, m

satisfaction, contentment, pleasure, joy

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तोष (toṣa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तोषः toṣaḥ	तोषौ / तोषा¹ toṣau / toṣā¹	तोषाः / तोषासः¹ toṣāḥ / toṣāsaḥ¹
Vocative	तोष toṣa	तोषौ / तोषा¹ toṣau / toṣā¹	तोषाः / तोषासः¹ toṣāḥ / toṣāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तोषम् toṣam	तोषौ / तोषा¹ toṣau / toṣā¹	तोषान् toṣān
Instrumental	तोषेण toṣeṇa	तोषाभ्याम् toṣābhyām	तोषैः / तोषेभिः¹ toṣaiḥ / toṣebhiḥ¹
Dative	तोषाय toṣāya	तोषाभ्याम् toṣābhyām	तोषेभ्यः toṣebhyaḥ
Ablative	तोषात् toṣāt	तोषाभ्याम् toṣābhyām	तोषेभ्यः toṣebhyaḥ
Genitive	तोषस्य toṣasya	तोषयोः toṣayoḥ	तोषाणाम् toṣāṇām
Locative	तोषे toṣe	तोषयोः toṣayoḥ	तोषेषु toṣeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: tosa
Prakrit: 𑀢𑁄𑀲 (tosa)
→ Hindi: तोष (toṣ) (learned)
→ Tamil: தோஷம் (tōṣam) (learned)

Further reading

Monier Williams (1899) “तोष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 456, column 1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tōṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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