दृढ

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dr̥ẓḍʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥ždʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-tó-s (strong, firm, hard), from *dʰerǵʰ- (to be firm, strong, tough, hard). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дръжати (drŭžati, to hold), Lithuanian dir̃žti (to harden, become tough), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (darəzaiieiti, to attach), English dry. The Sanskrit root is दृह् (dṛh) or दृंह् (dṛṃh).

Pronunciation

Adjective

दृढ (dṛḍhá) stem

  1. steadfast, firm, rigid
  2. strong, adamant, staunch
  3. hefty, sinewy
  4. resolute, determined, tenacious, persevering, steady
  5. confirmed, established, certain, sure
  6. hard-and-fast, dyed-in-the-wool
  7. difficult to be bent or broken
  8. whole, complete
  9. intense, violent, mighty
  10. (mathematics) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दृढः
dṛḍhaḥ
दृढौ / दृढा¹
dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹
दृढाः / दृढासः¹
dṛḍhāḥ / dṛḍhāsaḥ¹
Vocative दृढ
dṛḍha
दृढौ / दृढा¹
dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹
दृढाः / दृढासः¹
dṛḍhāḥ / dṛḍhāsaḥ¹
Accusative दृढम्
dṛḍham
दृढौ / दृढा¹
dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹
दृढान्
dṛḍhān
Instrumental दृढेन
dṛḍhena
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹
dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹
Dative दृढाय
dṛḍhāya
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Ablative दृढात्
dṛḍhāt
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Genitive दृढस्य
dṛḍhasya
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढानाम्
dṛḍhānām
Locative दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढेषु
dṛḍheṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of दृढा (dṛḍhā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दृढा
dṛḍhā
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढाः
dṛḍhāḥ
Vocative दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढाः
dṛḍhāḥ
Accusative दृढाम्
dṛḍhām
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढाः
dṛḍhāḥ
Instrumental दृढया / दृढा¹
dṛḍhayā / dṛḍhā¹
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढाभिः
dṛḍhābhiḥ
Dative दृढायै
dṛḍhāyai
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढाभ्यः
dṛḍhābhyaḥ
Ablative दृढायाः / दृढायै²
dṛḍhāyāḥ / dṛḍhāyai²
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढाभ्यः
dṛḍhābhyaḥ
Genitive दृढायाः / दृढायै²
dṛḍhāyāḥ / dṛḍhāyai²
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढानाम्
dṛḍhānām
Locative दृढायाम्
dṛḍhāyām
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढासु
dṛḍhāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दृढम्
dṛḍham
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Vocative दृढ
dṛḍha
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Accusative दृढम्
dṛḍham
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Instrumental दृढेन
dṛḍhena
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹
dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹
Dative दृढाय
dṛḍhāya
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Ablative दृढात्
dṛḍhāt
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Genitive दृढस्य
dṛḍhasya
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढानाम्
dṛḍhānām
Locative दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढेषु
dṛḍheṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

Noun

दृढ (dṛḍha) stemn

  1. iron
  2. stronghold, fortress
  3. anything fixed, firm, or solid

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative दृढम्
dṛḍham
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Vocative दृढ
dṛḍha
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Accusative दृढम्
dṛḍham
दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढानि / दृढा¹
dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹
Instrumental दृढेन
dṛḍhena
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹
dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹
Dative दृढाय
dṛḍhāya
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Ablative दृढात्
dṛḍhāt
दृढाभ्याम्
dṛḍhābhyām
दृढेभ्यः
dṛḍhebhyaḥ
Genitive दृढस्य
dṛḍhasya
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढानाम्
dṛḍhānām
Locative दृढे
dṛḍhe
दृढयोः
dṛḍhayoḥ
दृढेषु
dṛḍheṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “दृढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 490, column 2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “DARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 706-7