धर्म
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, to support”).
Pronunciation
Noun
धर्म • (dharm) m (Urdu spelling دھرم)
- religion, faith
- Synonym: मज़हब (mazhab)
- हम किसी धर्म का तिरस्कार नहीं करना चाहते।
- ham kisī dharm kā tiraskār nahī̃ karnā cāhte.
- We do not want to disregard any religion.
- धर्म हमारे समाज की रीढ़ है।
- dharm hamāre samāj kī rīṛh hai.
- Religion is the backbone of our society.
- virtue, righteousness; morality
- हमारा नेता एक धर्म-स्तम्भ है।
- hamārā netā ek dharm-stambh hai.
- Our leader is a pillar of righteousness.
- duty
Declension
Declension of धर्म (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
- अधर्म (adharm, “unrighteousness; irreligion”)
- धर्म काँटा (dharm kā̃ṭā, “balance installed for public benefit”)
- धर्म परिवर्तन (dharm parivartan, “religious conversion”)
- धर्मकार्य (dharmakārya, “religious rite or function”)
- धर्मग्रंथ (dharmagranth, “religious scripture”)
- धर्मघड़ी (dharmaghṛī, “large clock in public space”)
- धर्मतन्त्र (dharmatantra, “theocracy”)
- धर्मनिष्ठ (dharmaniṣṭh, “devout; religious”)
- धर्मभ्रष्ट (dharmabhraṣṭ, “gone astray from the path of religion or righteousness”)
- धर्ममार्ग (dharmamārg, “the path of virtue”)
- धर्मव्रती (dharmavratī, “duty-bound”)
- धर्मशाला (dharmaśālā, “free-of-charge rest house”)
- धार्मिक (dhārmik, “religious”)
- विधर्म (vidharm, “heresy”)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “धर्म”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “धर्म”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, to support”).
Pronunciation
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) m
Declension
| Declension of धर्म (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
धर्म dharm | ||
| direct plural |
धर्म dharm | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
धर्म dharm |
धर्म dharm | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
धर्मा dharmā |
धर्मां- dharmān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
धर्माला dharmālā |
धर्मांना dharmānnā | |
| ergative | धर्माने, धर्मानं dharmāne, dharmāna |
धर्मांनी dharmānnī | |
| instrumental | धर्माशी dharmāśī |
धर्मांशी dharmānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
धर्मात dharmāt |
धर्मांत dharmāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
धर्मा dharmā |
धर्मांनो dharmānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of धर्म (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
धर्माचा dharmāċā |
धर्माचे dharmāċe |
धर्माची dharmācī |
धर्माच्या dharmācā |
धर्माचे, धर्माचं dharmāċe, dharmāċa |
धर्माची dharmācī |
धर्माच्या dharmācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
धर्मांचा dharmānċā |
धर्मांचे dharmānċe |
धर्मांची dharmāñcī |
धर्मांच्या dharmāncā |
धर्मांचे, धर्मांचं dharmānċe, dharmānċa |
धर्मांची dharmāñcī |
धर्मांच्या dharmāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- धर्मगुरू (dharmagurū, “priest”)
- धर्मग्रंथ (dharmagrantha, “religious scriptures”)
- धर्मनिरपेक्ष (dharmanirpekṣa, “secular”)
- धर्मशाळा (dharmaśāḷā)
- धार्मिक (dhārmik, “religious”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “धर्म”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Pronunciation
Noun
धर्म • (dharma)
Newar
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Pronunciation
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩)
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma).
Noun
धर्म • (dharma) m
Descendants
- Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ধৰ্ম (Assamese script)
- ᬥᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
- ধর্ম (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဓရ်္မ (Burmese script)
- ધર્મ (Gujarati script)
- ਧਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಧರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
- ធម៌ or ធម្ម៌ (Khmer script)
- ຘຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
- ധര്മ (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଧର୍ମ (Odia script)
- ꢤꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ධර්ම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
- த⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
- ధర్మ (Telugu script)
- ธรฺม (Thai script)
- དྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Cognate with Latin firmus (“stable, strong”) (whence also English firm).
Pronunciation
Noun
धर्म • (dhárma) stem, m
- morality, virtue, moral code, good deed, good works
- that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law
- usage, practice, customary observance or prescribed conduct, duty
- right, justice (often as a synonym of punishment)
- religion, religious merit
- Law or Justice personified
- the law or doctrine of Buddhism
- the ethical precepts of Buddhism
- the law of Northern Buddhism
- nature, character, peculiar condition or essential quality, property, mark, peculiarity
- associating with the virtuous
- religious abstraction, devotion
- bow
- Soma-drinker
- name of the 15th अर्हत् (arhat) of the present अवसर्पिणी (avasarpiṇī)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of धर्म (dhárma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | धर्मः dhármaḥ |
धर्मौ / धर्मा¹ dhármau / dhármā¹ |
धर्माः / धर्मासः¹ dhármāḥ / dhármāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | धर्म dhárma |
धर्मौ / धर्मा¹ dhármau / dhármā¹ |
धर्माः / धर्मासः¹ dhármāḥ / dhármāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | धर्मम् dhármam |
धर्मौ / धर्मा¹ dhármau / dhármā¹ |
धर्मान् dhármān |
| Instrumental | धर्मेण dhármeṇa |
धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām |
धर्मैः / धर्मेभिः¹ dhármaiḥ / dhármebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | धर्माय dhármāya |
धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām |
धर्मेभ्यः dhármebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | धर्मात् dhármāt |
धर्माभ्याम् dhármābhyām |
धर्मेभ्यः dhármebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | धर्मस्य dhármasya |
धर्मयोः dhármayoḥ |
धर्माणाम् dhármāṇām |
| Locative | धर्मे dhárme |
धर्मयोः dhármayoḥ |
धर्मेषु dhármeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Related terms
- अधर्म (ádharma)
- धर्मगुरु (dharmaguru)
- धर्मन् (dhárman)
- धर्मन् (dharmán)
- धार्म (dhārmá)
- धार्मिक (dhārmika)
Descendants
- → Bengali: ধর্ম (dhormo)
- → Chinese: 達摩／达摩 (dámó)
- → Dhivehi: ދަރުމަ (daruma)
- → Dutch: dharma
- → English: dharma
- → Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)
- → Hindi: धर्म (dharm)
- → Indonesian: darma, derma
- → Irish: darma
- → Italian: dharma
- → Japanese: 達磨, ダルマ, ダーマ
- → Kannada: ಧರ್ಮ (dharma)
- → Khmer: ធម៌ (tʰoa)
- → Korean: 달마 (dalma)
- → Lao: ທຳ (tham)
- → Marathi: धर्म (dharma)
- → Malay: derma (درما)
- → Mongolian: дарма (darma)
- → Nepali: धर्म (dharma)
- → Old Javanese: dharma
- Pali: dhamma
- → Portuguese: darma
- Punjabi: دَھرَم (dharam) / ਧਰਮ (dharam)
- → Tamil: தருமம் (tarumam)
- → Telugu: ధర్మము (dharmamu)
- → Thai: ธรรม (tam)
- → Tibetan: ལྷ་ཆོས (lha chos)
- → Tocharian B: agradharma
- → Vietnamese: đạt ma
(with अग्र (agra))
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “धर्म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0510.