धातु
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit धातु m (dhātu), with the gender having changed in recent times.
Pronunciation
Noun
धातु • (dhātu) f or m
|
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them! Particularly: “Especially showing the change in gender.” |
Declension
Declension of धातु (fem u-stem // masc u-stem)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “धातु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- “धातु”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
- Platts, John T. (1884) “धातु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Etymology 1
Noun
धातु f
- Devanagari script form of dhātu (“element”)
Declension
Declension table of "धातु" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धातु (dhātu) | धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū) |
| Accusative (second) | धातुं (dhātuṃ) | धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū) |
| Instrumental (third) | धातुया (dhātuyā) | धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धातुया (dhātuyā) | धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धातुया (dhātuyā) | धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धातुया (dhātuyā) | धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धातुया (dhātuyā) or धातुयं (dhātuyaṃ) | धातूसु (dhātūsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धातु (dhātu) | धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū) |
Etymology 2
Noun
धातु m
- Devanagari script form of dhātu (“root of a word”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar], page 283; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- दिस इच्चेतस्स धातुस्स पस्स दिस्स दक्ख इच्चेते आदेसा होन्ति वा।
- Disa iccetassa dhātussa passa dissa dakkha iccete ādesā honti vā.
- 'Dis': this root may become 'pass', 'diss' or 'dakkh'.
Declension
Declension table of "धातु" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धातु (dhātu) | धातवो (dhātavo) or धातू (dhātū) |
| Accusative (second) | धातुं (dhātuṃ) | धातवो (dhātavo) or धातू (dhātū) |
| Instrumental (third) | धातुना (dhātunā) | धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धातुस्स (dhātussa) or धातुनो (dhātuno) | धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धातुस्मा (dhātusmā) or धातुम्हा (dhātumhā) | धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धातुस्स (dhātussa) or धातुनो (dhātuno) | धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धातुस्मिं (dhātusmiṃ) or धातुम्हि (dhātumhi) | धातूसु (dhātūsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धातु (dhātu) | धातवे (dhātave) or धातवो (dhātavo) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ধাতু (Assamese script)
- ᬥᬵᬢᬸ (Balinese script)
- ধাতু (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰯𑰝𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀸𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ဓာတု (Burmese script)
- ધાતુ (Gujarati script)
- ਧਾਤੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑌾𑌤𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦴꦠꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂰𑂞𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಧಾತು (Kannada script)
- ធាតុ (Khmer script)
- ຘາຕຸ (Lao script)
- ധാതു (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘰𑘝𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠠᢗᢐᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧑𑦽𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐵𑐟𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଧାତୁ (Odia script)
- ꢤꢵꢡꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆳𑆠𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖯𑖝𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ධාතු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮𑩛𑩫𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚭𑚙𑚰 (Takri script)
- த⁴ாது (Tamil script)
- ధాతు (Telugu script)
- ธาตุ (Thai script)
- དྷཱ་ཏུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒰𑒞𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑨊𑨙𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Maybe inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-tu-, in that case cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬎 (vīδātu, “justification, providence”), Lithuanian dė́tų (“putting, placing”, w:supine) (dated), Old Church Slavonic дѣтъ (dětŭ, “putting, placing”, supine).[1] Can be deconstructed as धा (dhā, “to put, place”) + -तु (-tu) (see दधाति (dádhāti)).[2] The Sanskrit meaning may be explained as having developed from a resultative, ie “*the outcome of putting down”.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
धातु • (dhā́tu) stem, m
- layer, stratum
- constituent part, ingredient
- element, primitive matter
- a constituent element or essential ingredient of the body
- primary element of the earth; i.e. metal, mineral, ore (especially a red mineral)
- (grammar) verbal root
Declension
| Masculine u-stem declension of धातु (dhā́tu) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | धातुः dhā́tuḥ |
धातू dhā́tū |
धातवः dhā́tavaḥ |
| Vocative | धातो dhā́to |
धातू dhā́tū |
धातवः dhā́tavaḥ |
| Accusative | धातुम् dhā́tum |
धातू dhā́tū |
धातून् dhā́tūn |
| Instrumental | धातुना / धात्वा¹ dhā́tunā / dhā́tvā¹ |
धातुभ्याम् dhā́tubhyām |
धातुभिः dhā́tubhiḥ |
| Dative | धातवे / धात्वे¹ dhā́tave / dhā́tve¹ |
धातुभ्याम् dhā́tubhyām |
धातुभ्यः dhā́tubhyaḥ |
| Ablative | धातोः / धात्वः¹ dhā́toḥ / dhā́tvaḥ¹ |
धातुभ्याम् dhā́tubhyām |
धातुभ्यः dhā́tubhyaḥ |
| Genitive | धातोः / धात्वः¹ dhā́toḥ / dhā́tvaḥ¹ |
धात्वोः dhā́tvoḥ |
धातूनाम् dhā́tūnām |
| Locative | धातौ dhā́tau |
धात्वोः dhā́tvoḥ |
धातुषु dhā́tuṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Marathi: धातू (dhātū)
- Punjabi: dhāt f (“metal”)
- Pali: dhātu f
- → Punjabi: ਧਾਤੂ (dhātū)
- → Old Javanese: dhātu
- → Balinese: ᬥᬵᬢᬸ (datu)
- → Pali: dhātu m (“root of a word”)
- → Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)
- → Telugu: ధాతువు (dhātuvu)
References
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 101f.
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 784
- ^ Wackernagel, Jakob, Albert Debrunner (1896-1964) w:Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, §488, pages 663-65
Further reading
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “धातु”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Monier Williams (1899) “धातु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 513.