निद्रा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नींद (nīnd).

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep, drowsiness

   Synonym: नींद (nīnd)

Declension

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd). Cognate with Hindi निद्रा (nidrā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nid̪.ɾa/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep, drowsiness

   Synonym: झोप (jhop) (more common)

Declension

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “निद्रा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nidrāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Alternative forms

• निन्द्रा (nindrā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निद्रा (nidrā). Doublet of नीद (nīd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Phonetic Devanagari: निद्रा

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā) f

1. sleep

   Synonym: नीद (nīd)

References

• “निद्रा”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “निद्रा”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnidráH (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ni-drm̥-éh₂, from *h₁ni (“down”) + *drem- (“to sleep”). Compare Old Armenian նիրհ (nirh) (a borrowing from Iranian), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō), Latin dormiō. See also नि (ní) and द्रायति (drā́yati).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /nid.ɾɑ́ː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪id̪.ɾɑː/

Noun

निद्रा • (nidrā́) stem, f

1. sleep, slumber
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.14:

     त्रातारो देवा अधि वोचता नो मा नो निद्रा ईशत मोत जल्पिः।
     वयं सोमस्य विश्वह प्रियासः सुवीरासो विदथमा वदेम॥

     trātāro devā adhi vocatā no mā no nidrā īśata mota jalpiḥ.
     vayaṃ somasya viśvaha priyāsaḥ suvīrāso vidathamā vadema.

     Give us your blessing, O ye Gods’ preservers. Never may sleep or idle talk control us.
     But evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to the synod with brave sons around us.

Declension

Descendants

• →Tatsama:

  • Bengali: নিদ্রা (nidra)
  • Hindi: निद्रा (nidrā)
  • Kannada: ನಿದ್ರೆ (nidre)
  • Marathi: निद्रा (nidrā)
  • Tamil: நித்திரை (nittirai)
  • Telugu: నిద్ర (nidra)

• Dardic:
  • Torwali: نین (nīn)
• Khasa Prakrit:
  • Nepali: निद् (nid), निन् (nin)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā)
  • Konkani: न्हीद (nhīd)
  • Old Marathi: नीद (nīda)
    • Marathi: नीद (nīd)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਨੀਂਦ (nīnd), ਨੀਦ (nīd), ਨੀਂਦਰ (nīndar)

    Shahmukhi script: نِینْدَر (nīndar), نِینْد (nīnd), نِید (nīd)

• Pali: niddā
  • → Kannada: ನಿದ್ದೆ (nidde)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀸 (ṇiddā), *𑀡𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀭 (*ṇiddara)
  • → Tamil: நித்தை (nittai)
  • Gujarati: નીંદર (nī̃dar)
  • Hindi: नींद (nīnd), नीद (nīd)
  • Urdu: نِینْد (nīnd), نِید (nīd), نِنْدا (nindā)
• → Thai: นิทรา (nít-traa)

Root

निद्रा • (nidrā)

1. to sleep

Derived terms

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “निद्रा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 548/2.