निर्भर

Learned borrowing from Classical Sanskrit निर्भर (nirbhara).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.bʱəɾ/,

निर्भर • (nirbhar) (indeclinable)

1. dependent, reliant

   Synonyms: आश्रित (āśrit), अवलंबित (avlambit)

   Antonyms: स्वतंत्र (svatantra), अनिर्भर (anirbhar)

   • 1996, Nand Kishore Naval, कविता की मुक्ति, Vani Prakashan, page 40:

     प्रकृति मनुष्य पर निर्भर नहीं है, बल्कि मनुष्य ही प्रकृति पर निर्भर है।

     prakŕti manuṣya par nirbhar nahī̃ hai, balki manuṣya hī prakŕti par nirbhar hai.

     Nature is not dependent on human; rather, human is dependent on nature.

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “निर्भर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa, Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 354.

From निस्- (nis-, negating prefix) +‎ भर (bhara, “measure; weight, burden”).

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪iɾ.bʱɐ.ɾɐ/

निर्भर • (nirbhara) stem (Classical Sanskrit)

1. full of, abounding in
   • c. 1000, Somadeva, Kathāsaritsāgara 1.8.38:

     सा च चित्ररसनिर्भरा कथा विस्मृतामरकथा कुतूहलात् ।
     तद्विधाय नगरे निरन्तरां ख्यातिमत्र भुवनत्रये गता ॥

     sā ca citrarasanirbharā kathā vismṛtāmarakathā kutūhalāt.
     tadvidhāya nagare nirantarāṃ khyātimatra bhuvanatraye gatā.

     Now that tale was so full of various interest that men were so taken with it as to forget the tales of the gods, and after producing that effect in the city it attained uninterrupted renown in the three worlds.

2. sound; deep
   • 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
3. violent; vehement
4. (New Sanskrit) dependent, reliant

   Synonyms: आश्रित (āśrita), अवलम्बित (avalambita), अनुयू (anuyū)

   • 2019, नई दीप मणिका (ICSE)-3, Delhi: New Saraswati House, →ISBN, page 59:

     किं त्वं कार्याणि कर्तुम् अन्तर्जाले एव निर्भरः असि?

     kiṃ tvaṃ kāryāṇi kartum antarjāle eva nirbharaḥ asi?

     For doing work, are you dependent on the Internet only?

• Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 (ṇibbhara)
  • Ahirani: निब्बर (nibbar)
  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: निबर (nibara)

    Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībara)

    • Marathi:

      Devanagari script: निबर (nibar)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

    • Varhadi:

      Devanagari script: निबर (nibar)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘤𑘨 (nībar)

    • → Old Kannada: ನಿಬ್ಬರ (nibbara)
• → Hindi: निर्भर (nirbhar)

• Monier Williams (1899) “निर्भर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 541.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “nirbhara”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nirbhara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417