निर्वाण
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) (indeclinable)
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) m
Declension
Declension of निर्वाण (masc cons-stem)
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- নিৰ্বাণ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬶᬃᬯᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
- নির্বাণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- နိရွာဏ (Burmese script)
- નિર્વાણ (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਰ੍ਵਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (Kannada script)
- និវ៌ាណ (Khmer script)
- ນິຣ຺ວາຓ (Lao script)
- നിര്വാണ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡵᠣᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᠷᢦᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
- ନିର୍ଵାଣ (Odia script)
- ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢮꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
- නිර්වාණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
- நிர்வாண (Tamil script)
- నిర్వాణ (Telugu script)
- นิรฺวาณ (Thai script)
- ནི་རྭཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From निस् (nis, “out”) + वान (vāna, “blown”), past participle of वा (√vā, “to blow”). Cognates of वा (√vā) include Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), English weather, athlete, vent and wind.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪iɾˈʋɑː.ɳɐ/
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem, n (Classical Sanskrit)
- blowing out, extinction, cessation, setting, vanishing, disappearance
- निर्वाणं कृ ― nirvāṇaṃ √kṛ ― to blow out, extinguish
- (Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit
- (Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions
- (figuratively) perfect calm or repose or happiness, highest bliss or beatitude
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि nirvāṇāni |
| Vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇa |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि nirvāṇāni |
| Accusative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि nirvāṇāni |
| Instrumental | निर्वाणेन nirvāṇena |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणैः nirvāṇaiḥ |
| Dative | निर्वाणाय nirvāṇāya |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | निर्वाणात् nirvāṇāt |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | निर्वाणस्य nirvāṇasya |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām |
| Locative | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणेषु nirvāṇeṣu |
Descendants
- Central:
- Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)
- Pali: nibbāna
- → Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)
- → Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)
- → English: nirvana
- → Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)
- → Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Indonesian: nirwana
- → Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)
- → Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)
- → Russian: нирва́на (nirvána)
- → Ukrainian: нірва́на (nirvána)
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem
- blown or put out, extinguished (as a lamp or fire), set (as the sun), calmed, quieted, tamed, dead, deceased (lit. having the fire of life extinguished), lost, disappeared
- immersed, plunged
- immovable
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | निर्वाणः nirvāṇaḥ |
निर्वाणौ / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇau / nirvāṇā¹ |
निर्वाणाः / निर्वाणासः¹ nirvāṇāḥ / nirvāṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇa |
निर्वाणौ / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇau / nirvāṇā¹ |
निर्वाणाः / निर्वाणासः¹ nirvāṇāḥ / nirvāṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam |
निर्वाणौ / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇau / nirvāṇā¹ |
निर्वाणान् nirvāṇān |
| Instrumental | निर्वाणेन nirvāṇena |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणैः / निर्वाणेभिः¹ nirvāṇaiḥ / nirvāṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | निर्वाणाय nirvāṇāya |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | निर्वाणात् nirvāṇāt |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | निर्वाणस्य nirvāṇasya |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām |
| Locative | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणेषु nirvāṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of निर्वाणा (nirvāṇā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | निर्वाणा nirvāṇā |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणाः nirvāṇāḥ |
| Vocative | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणाः nirvāṇāḥ |
| Accusative | निर्वाणाम् nirvāṇām |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणाः nirvāṇāḥ |
| Instrumental | निर्वाणया / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇayā / nirvāṇā¹ |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणाभिः nirvāṇābhiḥ |
| Dative | निर्वाणायै nirvāṇāyai |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणाभ्यः nirvāṇābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | निर्वाणायाः / निर्वाणायै² nirvāṇāyāḥ / nirvāṇāyai² |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणाभ्यः nirvāṇābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | निर्वाणायाः / निर्वाणायै² nirvāṇāyāḥ / nirvāṇāyai² |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām |
| Locative | निर्वाणायाम् nirvāṇāyām |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणासु nirvāṇāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
| Vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇa |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
| Accusative | निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam |
निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹ |
| Instrumental | निर्वाणेन nirvāṇena |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणैः / निर्वाणेभिः¹ nirvāṇaiḥ / nirvāṇebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | निर्वाणाय nirvāṇāya |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | निर्वाणात् nirvāṇāt |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām |
निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | निर्वाणस्य nirvāṇasya |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām |
| Locative | निर्वाणे nirvāṇe |
निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ |
निर्वाणेषु nirvāṇeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
- Collins, Steven (2010) Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative. Cambridge University Press, pages 63-64.
- Monier Williams (1899) “निर्वाण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0557.