पञ्जर

Of uncertain origin.

Often taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fix, fasten”); however, the nasal found in पञ्जर is difficult to reconcile with that found in supposed relatives like Latin pangō (“to fasten, fix, set”).

Turner, in light of the word's relatives in vernacular Indo-Aryan, assumes an older form *पृञ्जर (pṛñjara), from अनवपृग्ण (anavapṛgṇa, “not closely united, but spreading all around”), from अन- (ana-, “not, un-”) +‎ अव (ava, “away, down”) +‎ पृग्ण (pṛgṇa), the latter component from the root पृच् (pṛc, “to mix, fill, give lavishly”).

Probably related to Persian پنجره (panjare, “window”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

पञ्जर • (pañjara) stem, n

1. a cage, aviary, dove-cot, net
2. a skeleton, the ribs
3. name of particular prayers and formularies

पञ्जर • (pañjara) stem, m

1. the body
2. the Kali Yuga
3. a purificatory ceremony performed on cows
4. (variant lecto पञ्जल) a kind of bulbous plant

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: panzur

    Arabic script: پَنزُر

    Devanagari script: पञ्ज़ुर

• Pali: pañjara
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀚𑀭 (paṃjara)
  • Central:
    • Hindustani: pā̃jar, pā̃jrī
      • Hindi: पाँजर, पांजरी
      • Urdu: پان٘جَر, پان٘جَرِی
  • Eastern:
    • Assamese: পাঁজৰ (pãzor)
    • Bengali: পাঁজর (pãjor), পাঁজরা (pãjra)
    • Bihari:
      • Bhojpuri: पाजर (pājar)
      • Maithili: पांजर (pāñjar), पांजरा (pāñjᵊrā)
    • Odia: ପଞ୍ଜରା (pañjarā), ପଞ୍ଜୁରି (pañjuri), ପଞ୍ଜୁଡ଼ି (pañjuṛi)
  • Northwestern:
    • Sindhi: pañaru

      Arabic script: پَڃَرُ

      Devanagari script: पञरु

  • Southern:
    • Konkani: pāñjro

      Devanagari script: पांजरो

      Latin script: panjro

      Kannada script: ಪಾಂಜ್ರೊಂ

    • Marathi: पांजरा (pāñjrā)
    • Sinhalese: පඳුර (paⁿdura)
  • Western:
    • Old Gujarati: पांजरउं (pāṃjaraüṃ)
      • Gujarati: પાંજરું (pā̃jrũ), પાંજરી (pā̃jrī)
• → Tamil: பஞ்சரம் (pañcaram)

• Monier Williams (1899) “पञ्जर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 575/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 297
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 188