पञ्जर

Often assigned to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fix, fasten”).

Turner, in light of the word's relatives in vernacular Indo-Aryan, assumes an older form *पृञ्जर (pṛñjara), from अनवपृग्ण (anavapṛgṇa, “not closely united, but spreading all around”), from अन- (ana-, “not, un-”) +‎ अव (ava, “away, down”) +‎ पृग्ण (pṛgṇa), the latter component from the root पृच् (pṛc, “to mix, fill, give lavishly”).

Probably related to Persian پنجره (panjare, “window”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

पञ्जर • (pañjara) stem, n

1. a cage, aviary, dove-cot, net
2. a skeleton, the ribs
3. name of particular prayers and formularies

पञ्जर • (pañjara) stem, m

1. the body
2. the Kali Yuga
3. a purificatory ceremony performed on cows
4. (variant lecto पञ्जल) a kind of bulbous plant

• → Sanskrit: पिञ्जर (piñjara), पिङ्गल (piṅgala)
  • → Assamese: পিঁজৰা (pĩzora)
  • → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀁𑀚𑀭 (piṃjara)
  • → Pali: piñjara
  • → Bengali: পিঞ্জর (pinjor)
  • → Hindustani:
    • Hindi: पिंजरा (piñjrā), पिंजड़ा (piñjṛā)
    • Urdu: پنجرہ (piñjarah)
  • → Persian: پنجره (panjere)
    • → Azerbaijani: pəncərə
    • → Gagauz: pencerä
    • → Georgian: ფანჯარა (panǯara)
    • → Khalaj: pəncərə
    • → Middle Armenian: փանջարայ (pʻanǰaray), փանճարայ (pʻančaray)
      • Armenian: փանջարա (pʻanǰara)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: پنجره (pencere)
      • Turkish: pencere
      • → Abkhaz: аԥенџьыр (apendžər)
      • → Albanian: penxhere
      • → Crimean Tatar: pencere
      • → Macedonian: пенџер (pendžer), пенџере (pendžere)
      • → Serbo-Croatian: пенџер, pendžer
    • → Turkmen: penjire
• → Sanskrit: पिङ्गल (piṅgala)
  • → Assamese: পিঙ্গল (piṅgol)
  • → Bengali: পিঙ্গল (piṅgol)
  • → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀮! (piṃgala!)
    • → Marathi: पींगळा (pīṅgḷā)
  • → Odia: ପିଙ୍ଗଳ (piṅgaḷa)
  • → Sylheti: ꠙꠤꠋꠟꠣ (fiṅla)
  • → Pali: piṅgala
• Dardic:
  • → Kashmiri:
    • → Arabic script: پَنزُر (pañzur)
    • → Devanagari script: पञ्ज़ुर (pañzur)
• → Pali: pañjara
• → Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀚𑀭 (paṃjara)
  • Central:
    • → Hindustani:
      • → Hindi: पाँजर (pā̃jar), पाँजरी (pā̃jrī)
      • → Urdu: پان٘جَر (pā̃jar), پان٘جَرِی (pā̃jrī)
  • Eastern:
    • → Assamese: পাঁজৰ (pãzor)
    • → Bengali: পাঁজর (pãjor), পাঁজরা (pãjra)
    • → Bihari:
      • → Bhojpuri: पाजर (pājar)
      • → Maithili: पांजर (pāñjar), पांजरा (pāñjᵊrā)
    • → Odia: ପଞ୍ଜରା (pañjarā), ପଞ୍ଜୁରି (pañjuri), ପଞ୍ଜୁଡ଼ି (pañjuṛi)
  • Northwestern:
    • → Sindhi:
      • → Arabic script: پَڃَرُ (pañaru)
      • → Devanagari script: पञरु (pañaru)
  • Southern:
    • → Konkani:
      • Devanagari script: पांजरो (pāñjro)
      • Latin script: panjro
      • Kannada script: ಪಾಂಜ್ರೊಂ (pāñjro)
    • → Marathi: पांजरा (pāñjrā)
    • → Sinhalese: පඳුර (paⁿdura)
  • Western:
    • → Old Gujarati: पांजरउं (pāṃjaraüṃ)
      • → Gujarati: પાંજરું (pā̃jrũ), પાંજરી (pā̃jrī)
• → Tamil: பஞ்சரம் (pañcaram)

• Monier Williams (1899) “पञ्जर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 575/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 297
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 188