पा

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɑː/,

Verb

पा • (pā)

1. inflection of पाना (pānā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /pɑː/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); compare Latin pāscō (“to feed, maintain”). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to watch, keep, preserve
2. to protect from, defend against
3. to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
4. to observe, notice, attend to, follow

Derived terms

Adjective

पा • (pā) stem

1. keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.

Declension

Noun

पा • (pā) stem, f

1. guarding, protecting

Declension

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 096
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”). Also compare the noun पात्र (pātra, “drinking vessel, goblet”).

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
2. (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
3. to drink up, exhaust, absorb
4. to drink intoxicating liquors

Derived terms

Adjective

पा • (pā) stem

1. drinking, quaffing, etc.

Declension

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0612/3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 095
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 0839, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0839

Etymology 3

Probably related to Hittite (pippa-, “to overturn”), (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to rise against, be hostile

Derived terms

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 096
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114