पूर्व
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पूर्व दिशा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva).
Pronunciation
Noun
पूर्व • (pūrv) m (Urdu spelling پورو)
Declension
Declension of पूर्व (masc cons-stem)
Coordinate terms
- (compass points)
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottar) | उत्तर (uttar) | पूर्वोत्तर (pūrvottar) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) | 
|
पूर्व (pūrv) |
| दक्षिण-पश्चिम (dakṣiṇ-paścim) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | दक्षिण-पूर्व (dakṣiṇ-pūrv) |
Adjective
पूर्व • (pūrv) (indeclinable)
Adverb
पूर्व • (pūrv)
Derived terms
- दक्षिण-पूर्व (dakṣiṇ-pūrv)
- पूर्व- (pūrv-)
- -पूर्वक (-pūrvak)
- पूर्वज (pūrvaj)
- पूर्वता (pūrvatā)
- पूर्वी (pūrvī)
- पूर्वीय (pūrvīya)
- पूर्वोत्तर (pūrvottar)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पूर्व”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva).
Pronunciation
Adjective
पूर्व • (pūrva)
Noun
पूर्व • (pūrva) f
See also
- (compass points) दिशा;
| वायव्य (vāyavya) | उत्तर (uttar) | ईशान्य (īśānya) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) |
|
पूर्व (pūrva) |
| नैऋत्य (naiŕtya) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | आग्नेय (āgney) |
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva).
Pronunciation
Noun
पूर्व • (pūrva)
Adverb
पूर्व • (pūrva)
Coordinate terms
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottar) | उत्तर (uttar) | उत्तर-पूर्व (uttar-pūrva) |
| पश्चिम (paścim) |
|
पूर्व (pūrva) |
| दक्षिण-पश्चिम (dakṣiṇ-paścim) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇ) | दक्षिण-पूर्व (dakṣiṇ-pūrva) |
Further reading
- “पूर्व”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “पूर्ब”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পূৰ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬹᬃᬯ (Balinese script)
- পূর্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ပူရွ (Burmese script)
- પૂર્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਪੂਰ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦹꦂꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಪೂರ್ವ (Kannada script)
- បូវ៌ (Khmer script)
- ປູຣ຺ວ (Lao script)
- പൂര്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡠᡠᡵᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠤᠤᠷᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ପୂର୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢹꢬ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- පූර්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- பூர்வ (Tamil script)
- పూర్వ (Telugu script)
- ปูรฺว (Thai script)
- པཱུ་རྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥Hwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hwás, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-wó-s, from *preh₂- (“before, in front of”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (pauruua), Russian пе́рвый (pérvyj), English first and foremost.
Pronunciation
Preposition
पूर्व • (pū́rva)
Adjective
पूर्व • (pū́rva) stem
- ancient, old
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.18.20:
- न त॑ इन्द्र सुम॒तयो॒ न राय॑: सं॒चक्षे॒ पूर्वा॑ उ॒षसो॒ न नूत्ना॑:।
देव॑कं चिन्मान्यमा॒नं ज॑घ॒न्थाव॒ त्मना॑ बृह॒तः शम्ब॑रं भेत्॥- ná ta indra sumatáyo ná rā́ya: saṃcákṣe pū́rvā uṣáso ná nū́tnā:.
dévakaṃ cinmānyamānáṃ jaghanthā́va tmánā bṛhatáḥ śámbaraṃ bhet. - Your favours, Indra, and your bounties, whether old or new, cannot be counted like the (recurring) dawn; you have slain Devaka, the son of Mānyamāna, and of thine own will, has cast down Śambara from the vast (mountain).
- ná ta indra sumatáyo ná rā́ya: saṃcákṣe pū́rvā uṣáso ná nū́tnā:.
- न त॑ इन्द्र सुम॒तयो॒ न राय॑: सं॒चक्षे॒ पूर्वा॑ उ॒षसो॒ न नूत्ना॑:।
- eastern
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of पूर्व (pū́rva) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पूर्वः pū́rvaḥ |
पूर्वौ / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvau / pū́rvā¹ |
पूर्वाः / पूर्वासः¹ pū́rvāḥ / pū́rvāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | पूर्व pū́rva |
पूर्वौ / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvau / pū́rvā¹ |
पूर्वाः / पूर्वासः¹ pū́rvāḥ / pū́rvāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | पूर्वम् pū́rvam |
पूर्वौ / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvau / pū́rvā¹ |
पूर्वान् pū́rvān |
| Instrumental | पूर्वेण pū́rveṇa |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वैः / पूर्वेभिः¹ pū́rvaiḥ / pū́rvebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पूर्वाय pū́rvāya |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वेभ्यः pū́rvebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पूर्वात् pū́rvāt |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वेभ्यः pū́rvebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पूर्वस्य pū́rvasya |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वाणाम् pū́rvāṇām |
| Locative | पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वेषु pū́rveṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of पूर्वा (pū́rvā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पूर्वा pū́rvā |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाः pū́rvāḥ |
| Vocative | पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाः pū́rvāḥ |
| Accusative | पूर्वाम् pū́rvām |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाः pū́rvāḥ |
| Instrumental | पूर्वया / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvayā / pū́rvā¹ |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वाभिः pū́rvābhiḥ |
| Dative | पूर्वायै pū́rvāyai |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वाभ्यः pū́rvābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पूर्वायाः / पूर्वायै² pū́rvāyāḥ / pū́rvāyai² |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वाभ्यः pū́rvābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पूर्वायाः / पूर्वायै² pū́rvāyāḥ / pū́rvāyai² |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वाणाम् pū́rvāṇām |
| Locative | पूर्वायाम् pū́rvāyām |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वासु pū́rvāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of पूर्व (pū́rva) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | पूर्वम् pū́rvam |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाणि / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvāṇi / pū́rvā¹ |
| Vocative | पूर्व pū́rva |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाणि / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvāṇi / pū́rvā¹ |
| Accusative | पूर्वम् pū́rvam |
पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वाणि / पूर्वा¹ pū́rvāṇi / pū́rvā¹ |
| Instrumental | पूर्वेण pū́rveṇa |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वैः / पूर्वेभिः¹ pū́rvaiḥ / pū́rvebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | पूर्वाय pū́rvāya |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वेभ्यः pū́rvebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | पूर्वात् pū́rvāt |
पूर्वाभ्याम् pū́rvābhyām |
पूर्वेभ्यः pū́rvebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | पूर्वस्य pū́rvasya |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वाणाम् pū́rvāṇām |
| Locative | पूर्वे pū́rve |
पूर्वयोः pū́rvayoḥ |
पूर्वेषु pū́rveṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Coordinate terms
- (compass points)
| पश्चिमोत्तर (paścimottara) | उत्तर (uttara) | ईशान (īśāna) |
| पश्चिम (paścima) |
|
पूर्व (pūrva) |
| दक्षिणपश्चिम (dakṣiṇapaścima) | दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) | दक्षिणपूर्व (dakṣiṇapūrva) |
Borrowed terms
- → Gujarati: પૂર્વ (pūrva)
- → Hindi: पूर्व (pūrv)
- → Bengali: পূর্ব (purbo)
- → Javanese: ꦥꦸꦂꦧ (purba)
- → Kannada: ಪೂರ್ವ (pūrva)
- → Khmer: បូព៌ា (boupiə)
- → Malay: purba
- Indonesian: purba
- → Marathi: पूर्व (pūrva)
- → Nepali: पूर्व (pūrva)
- → Old Javanese: pūrwa
- → Odia: ପୂର୍ବ (purba)
- → Santali: ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ
- → Tamil: பூர்வ (pūrva)
- → Telugu: పూర్వము (pūrvamu)
- → Thai: บูรพา (buu-rá-paa)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: پوٗر (pūr, “east”)
- Northeast Pashayi: (puruvāla, “first”)
- Northwest Pashayi: (puruvāla, “first”)
- Southeast Pashayi: (puruvāla, “first”)
- Southwest Pashayi: (puruvāla, “first”)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: පුව (puwa)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯 (puvva), 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 (puvvā, “east”)
- Pali: pubba (in compounds)
- → Burmese: ပုဗ္ဗ (pubba.)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯 (puvva), 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 (puvvā, “east”)
- Old Hindi: पुब (puba, “former”)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “पूर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 643/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 157