भाषा

See also: भीषा

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Noun

भाषा (bhāṣā) f (Kaithi 𑂦𑂰𑂭𑂰)

language
भोजपुरी भाषा ― bhojapurī bhāṣā ― Bhojpuri language

Hindi

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:

भाषा

Wikipedia ^hi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /bʱɑː.ʂɑː/,
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː
Hyphenation: भा‧षा

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f (Urdu spelling بھاشا)

language, speech, dialect
संस्कृत बहुत समृद्ध भाषा है।
sanskŕt bahut samŕddh bhāṣā hai.
Sanskrit is a very rich language.

वह भाषा की उत्पत्ति पर खोज कर रहा है।
vah bhāṣā kī utpatti par khoj kar rahā hai.
He is doing research on the origins of language

Declension

Declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाएँ bhāṣāẽ
oblique	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाओं bhāṣāõ
vocative	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषाओ bhāṣāo

Synonyms

ज़बान (zabān)
बोली (bolī)

Derived terms

देशभाषा (deśbhāṣā)
परिभाषा (paribhāṣā)
भारतीय आर्य भाषा (bhārtīya ārya bhāṣā)
भाषा-परिवार (bhāṣā-parivār)
भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar)
भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār)
भाषागत (bhāṣāgat)
भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvijñān)
भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaijñānik)
मातृभाषा (mātŕbhāṣā)
राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā)

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “भाषा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:

भाषा

Wikipedia ^mr

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bʱa.ʂa/

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

language
Synonym: बोली (bolī)

इंग्रजी एक जागतिक भाषा आहे.
iṅgrajī ek jāgtik bhāṣā āhe.
English is a global language.

Declension

Declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	भाषा bhāṣā
direct plural	भाषा bhāṣā
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	भाषा bhāṣā	भाषा bhāṣā
oblique सामान्यरूप	भाषे bhāṣe	भाषां- bhāṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	भाषेला bhāṣelā	भाषांना bhāṣānnā
ergative	भाषेने, भाषेनं bhāṣene, bhāṣena	भाषांनी bhāṣānnī
instrumental	भाषेशी bhāṣeśī	भाषांशी bhāṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	भाषेत bhāṣet	भाषांत bhāṣāt
vocative संबोधन	भाषे bhāṣe	भाषांनो bhāṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	भाषेचा bhāṣeċā	भाषेचे bhāṣeċe	भाषेची bhāṣecī	भाषेच्या bhāṣecā	भाषेचे, भाषेचं bhāṣeċe, bhāṣeċa	भाषेची bhāṣecī	भाषेच्या bhāṣecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	भाषांचा bhāṣānċā	भाषांचे bhāṣānċe	भाषांची bhāṣāñcī	भाषांच्या bhāṣāncā	भाषांचे, भाषांचं bhāṣānċe, bhāṣānċa	भाषांची bhāṣāñcī	भाषांच्या bhāṣāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

अधिकृत भाषा (adhikŕt bhāṣā, “official language”)
जन्मभाषा (janmabhāṣā)
देवभाषा (devbhāṣā, “Gods' language”)
बालभाषा (bālbhāṣā)
बोलीभाषा (bolībhāṣā, “colloquial language”)
भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar, “translation”)
भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār, “translator”)
भाषाकुळ (bhāṣākuḷ, “language family”)
भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvijñān, “linguistics”)
भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaijñānik, “linguist”)
भाषाशैली (bhāṣāśailī)
मातृभाषा (mātŕbhāṣā, “mother tongue”)
राज्यभाषा (rājyabhāṣā, “state language”)
राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā, “national language”)
संस्कृत भाषा (sauskŕt bhāṣā, “Sanskrit language”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “भाषा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “भाषा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “भाषा”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Phonetic Devanagari: भासा

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā)

language
Synonym: कुरा (kurā)

Declension

Declension of भाषा
	Singular	Plural
nominative	भाषा	भाषाहरू
accusative	भाषालाई	भाषाहरूलाई
instrumental/ergative	भाषाले	भाषाहरूले
dative	भाषालाई	भाषाहरूलाई
ablative	भाषाबाट	भाषाहरूबाट
genitive	भाषाको	भाषाहरूको
locative	भाषामा	भाषाहरूमा

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Newar

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā)

language

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

Noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

talk, utterance

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভাষা (Assamese script)
ᬪᬵᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
ভাষা (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰯𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀸𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ဘာၑာ (Burmese script)
ભાષા (Gujarati script)
ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑌾𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦴꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂰𑂭𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಭಾಷಾ (Kannada script)
ភាឞា (Khmer script)
ຠາຩາ (Lao script)
ഭാഷാ (Malayalam script)
ᢨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘰𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠠᢗᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧑𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
ଭାଷା (Odia script)
ꢩꢵꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆳𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖯𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
භාෂා (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩛𑪀𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚭𑚭 (Takri script)
ப⁴ாஷா (Tamil script)
భాషా (Telugu script)
ภาษา (Thai script)
བྷཱ་ཥཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒰𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨊𑨯𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain. Theories include:

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), compare Latin fās (“divine law”). The retroflex ṣ could either be onomatopoeic or to avoid homonymy with root भास् (bhās, “to shine”) (compare originally fully homonymous English flower and flour or German küssen and Kissen).
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-s- (“to sound”), compare Lithuanian balsas (“voice”) and Latvian balss (“voice”). The retroflexion is in this case due to Fortunatov's Law.

See root भाष् (bhāṣ, “to speak”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɑ́ː.ʂɑː/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɑː.ʂɑː/

Noun

भाषा • (bhā́ṣā) stem, f

speech, language (especially common, vernacular or vulgar speech, as opposed to Vedic or in later times to Sanskrit, as the refined speech)
any Prakrit dialect or a particular group of 5 of them (namely माहाराष्ट्री (māhārāṣṭrī), शौरसेनी (śaurasenī), मागधी (māgadhī), प्राच्या (prācyā) and अवन्ति (avanti), also called पञ्चविधा (pañcavidhā))
description, definition
(law) accusation, charge, complaint, plaint
name of Saraswati
(music) name of रागिणी (rāgiṇī)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of भाषा (bhā́ṣā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भाषा bhā́ṣā	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Vocative	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Accusative	भाषाम् bhā́ṣām	भाषे bhā́ṣe	भाषाः bhā́ṣāḥ
Instrumental	भाषया / भाषा¹ bhā́ṣayā / bhā́ṣā¹	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभिः bhā́ṣābhiḥ
Dative	भाषायै bhā́ṣāyai	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभ्यः bhā́ṣābhyaḥ
Ablative	भाषायाः / भाषायै² bhā́ṣāyāḥ / bhā́ṣāyai²	भाषाभ्याम् bhā́ṣābhyām	भाषाभ्यः bhā́ṣābhyaḥ
Genitive	भाषायाः / भाषायै² bhā́ṣāyāḥ / bhā́ṣāyai²	भाषयोः bhā́ṣayoḥ	भाषाणाम् bhā́ṣāṇām
Locative	भाषायाम् bhā́ṣāyām	भाषयोः bhā́ṣayoḥ	भाषासु bhā́ṣāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms

देवभाषा (devabhāṣā)
पालिभाषा (pālibhāṣā)
भाषाकुमुदमञ्जरी (bhāṣākumudamañjarī)
भाषाकौमुदी (bhāṣākaumudī)
भाषाचित्रक (bhāṣācitraka)
भाषाज्ञ (bhāṣājña)
भाषानुशासन (bhāṣānuśāsana)
भाषान्तर (bhāṣāntara)
भाषापरिच्छेद (bhāṣāpariccheda)
भाषापाद (bhāṣāpāda)
भाषाप्रकाशिका (bhāṣāprakāśikā)
भाषामञ्जरी (bhāṣāmañjarī)
भाषारत्न (bhāṣāratna)
भाषार्णव (bhāṣārṇava)
भाषालीलावती (bhāṣālīlāvatī)
भाषाविवृतिगीता (bhāṣāvivṛtigītā)
भाषावृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛtti)
भाषावृत्त्यर्थवृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛttyarthavṛtti)
भाषासम (bhāṣāsama)
भाषासमिति (bhāṣāsamiti)

Descendants

Terms inherited from भाषा (bhāṣā)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 (bhāsā)
- Dardic:
  - Dameli: (bâṣa, “language”)
    - Shina: بݜ (baṣ)
      - → Domaaki: (bāṣ)
- Eastern:
  - Bengali: ভাস (bhaś)
  - Bihari:
    - Maithili: भास (bhās)
  - Chakma: 𑄞𑄌𑄴 (bhāc)
- Northern:
  - Garhwali: भाख (bhākh)
  - Kumaoni: भाश
  - Nepali: भास (bhās)
- Southern:
  - Elu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ބަސް (bas, “language”)
    - Sinhalese: බහ (baha, “word, saying”)
  - Maharashtri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: भास (bhās)
- Central:
  - Chhattisgarhi: भाखा (bhākhā)

Terms borrowed from भाषा (bhāṣā)

Pali: bhāsā
- → Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (bhāṣa)
- → Burmese: ဘာသာ (bhasa)
- → Indonesian: bahasa
- → Isan: ภาษา (páa-sǎa)
- → Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa)
- → Khmer: ភាសា (phiəsaa)
- → Khün: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Lao: ພາສາ (phā sā)
- → Lü: ᦘᦱᦉᦱ (phaaṡaa)
- → Mon: ဘာသာ (pʰesa)
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩇᩣ (bhasa)
- → Shan: ၽႃႇသႃႇ (phàa sàa)
- → Thai: ภาษา (paa-sǎa)
→ Acehnese: بَهْسَا (bahsa)
→ Assamese: ভাষা (bhaxa)
→ Banjarese: بَهَاسَ (bahasa)
→ Bengali: ভাষা (bhaśa)
→ Betawi: bahasa
→ Buginese: ᨅᨔ (basa)
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa / 바하사 (bahasa)
→ Dogri: bhāśā
Devanagari script: भाशा

Dogra script: 𑠡𑠬𑠧𑠬
→ Fiji Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā), bhasa
→ Gujarati: ભાષા (bhāṣā)
→ Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Ilocano: basa
→ Kachchi: ભાષા (bhāṣā) (learned)
→ Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe)
→ Madurese: بَهاسَ (basa)
→ Maguindanao: bahasah
→ Makasar: ᨅᨔ (basa)
→ Malay: bahasa (بهاس)
- Indonesian: bahasa, basa
  - → Dutch: bahasa
  - → English: Bahasa (with Malay bahasa)
- → English: Bahasa (with Indonesian bahasa)
- Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)
→ Malayalam: ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), പാഴ (pāḻa)
→ Marathi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Maranao: basa
→ Minangkabau: بَاسو (baso)
→ Nepali: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Newar: भाषा (bhāṣā)
→ Northern Khmer: พซา
→ Old Javanese: bhāṣa
- > Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa) (inherited)
- → Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (basa)
→ Odia: ଭାଷା (bhaṣa)
→ Punjabi: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)
→ Sinhalese: භාෂාව (bhāṣāwa)
→ Sundanese: ᮘᮞ (basa)
→ Tamil: பாசை (pācai), பாடை (pāṭai); பாஷா (pāṣā), பாஷை (pāṣai)
→ Tausug: bahasa
→ Telugu: భాష (bhāṣa)
→ Tulu: ಬಾಸೆ (bāse), ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), ಭಾಶೆ (bhāśe), ಬಾಶೆ (bāśe)
→ Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)
→ Yakan: bahasa
→ Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: (bāṣ, “word”)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “BHAṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 261f.

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