भृज्जति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভৃজ্জতি (Assamese script)
ᬪᬺᬚ᭄ᬚᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
ভৃজ্জতি (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰴𑰕𑰿𑰕𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀾𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဘၖဇ္ဇတိ (Burmese script)
ભૃજ્જતિ (Gujarati script)
ਭ੍ਰਜ੍ਜਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑍃𑌜𑍍𑌜𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦽꦗ꧀ꦗꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑃂𑂔𑂹𑂔𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಭೃಜ್ಜತಿ (Kannada script)
ភ្ឫជ្ជតិ (Khmer script)
ຠ຺ຣິຊ຺ຊຕິ (Lao script)
ഭൃജ്ജതി (Malayalam script)
ᢨᡵᡳᡯᡯᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘵𑘕𑘿𑘕𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠷᠢᠽᠽᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧖𑦵𑧠𑦵𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐺𑐖𑑂𑐖𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଭୃଜ୍ଜତି (Odia script)
ꢩꢺꢙ꣄ꢙꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆸𑆘𑇀𑆘𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖴𑖕𑖿𑖕𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
භෘජ‍්ජති (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩙𑩣 𑪙𑩣𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚑𑚶𑚑𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ப்⁴ரிஜ்ஜதி (Tamil script)
భృజ్జతి (Telugu script)
ภฺฤชฺชติ (Thai script)
བྷྲྀ་ཛྫ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒵𑒖𑓂𑒖𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨼𑨉𑨥𑩇𑨥𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰr̥ȷ́yáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥ȷ́yáti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥ǵ-yé-ti, from *bʰerǵ- (“to roast, fry”). Cognate with Middle Persian (blyštn' /⁠brištan⁠/, “to roast”, infin.), 𐫁𐫡𐫏𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅 (bryzynd /⁠brinzend⁠/, “to roast”, 3pl.pres.), Latin frīgo (“I roast, fry”), Ancient Greek φρύγω (phrúgō, “I roast, bake”). The assimilation from the expected *भृज्यति (bhṛjyáti) may be caused by influence from Middle Indo-Aryan.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱr̩d.d͡ʑɐ́.ti/,
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱr̩d̪.d͡ʑɐ.t̪i/,

Verb

भृज्जति • (bhṛjjáti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root भ्रज्ज्)

roasts, grills, fries

Conjugation

Present: भृज्जति (bhṛjjáti), भृज्जते (bhṛjjáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	भृज्जति bhṛjjáti	भृज्जतः bhṛjjátaḥ	भृज्जन्ति bhṛjjánti	भृज्जते bhṛjjáte	भृज्जेते bhṛjjéte	भृज्जन्ते bhṛjjánte
Second	भृज्जसि bhṛjjási	भृज्जथः bhṛjjáthaḥ	भृज्जथ bhṛjjátha	भृज्जसे bhṛjjáse	भृज्जेथे bhṛjjéthe	भृज्जध्वे bhṛjjádhve
First	भृज्जामि bhṛjjā́mi	भृज्जावः bhṛjjā́vaḥ	भृज्जामः / भृज्जामसि¹ bhṛjjā́maḥ / bhṛjjā́masi¹	भृज्जे bhṛjjé	भृज्जावहे bhṛjjā́vahe	भृज्जामहे bhṛjjā́mahe
Imperative
Third	भृज्जतु bhṛjjátu	भृज्जताम् bhṛjjátām	भृज्जन्तु bhṛjjántu	भृज्जताम् bhṛjjátām	भृज्जेताम् bhṛjjétām	भृज्जन्ताम् bhṛjjántām
Second	भृज्ज bhṛjjá	भृज्जतम् bhṛjjátam	भृज्जत bhṛjjáta	भृज्जस्व bhṛjjásva	भृज्जेथाम् bhṛjjéthām	भृज्जध्वम् bhṛjjádhvam
First	भृज्जानि bhṛjjā́ni	भृज्जाव bhṛjjā́va	भृज्जाम bhṛjjā́ma	भृज्जै bhṛjjaí	भृज्जावहै bhṛjjā́vahai	भृज्जामहै bhṛjjā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	भृज्जेत् bhṛjjét	भृज्जेताम् bhṛjjétām	भृज्जेयुः bhṛjjéyuḥ	भृज्जेत bhṛjjéta	भृज्जेयाताम् bhṛjjéyātām	भृज्जेरन् bhṛjjéran
Second	भृज्जेः bhṛjjéḥ	भृज्जेतम् bhṛjjétam	भृज्जेत bhṛjjéta	भृज्जेथाः bhṛjjéthāḥ	भृज्जेयाथाम् bhṛjjéyāthām	भृज्जेध्वम् bhṛjjédhvam
First	भृज्जेयम् bhṛjjéyam	भृज्जेव bhṛjjéva	भृज्जेम bhṛjjéma	भृज्जेय bhṛjjéya	भृज्जेवहि bhṛjjévahi	भृज्जेमहि bhṛjjémahi
Subjunctive
Third	भृज्जात् / भृज्जाति bhṛjjā́t / bhṛjjā́ti	भृज्जातः bhṛjjā́taḥ	भृज्जान् bhṛjjā́n	भृज्जाते / भृज्जातै bhṛjjā́te / bhṛjjā́tai	भृज्जैते bhṛjjaíte	भृज्जन्त / भृज्जान्तै bhṛjjánta / bhṛjjā́ntai
Second	भृज्जाः / भृज्जासि bhṛjjā́ḥ / bhṛjjā́si	भृज्जाथः bhṛjjā́thaḥ	भृज्जाथ bhṛjjā́tha	भृज्जासे / भृज्जासै bhṛjjā́se / bhṛjjā́sai	भृज्जैथे bhṛjjaíthe	भृज्जाध्वै bhṛjjā́dhvai
First	भृज्जानि bhṛjjā́ni	भृज्जाव bhṛjjā́va	भृज्जाम bhṛjjā́ma	भृज्जै bhṛjjaí	भृज्जावहै bhṛjjā́vahai	भृज्जामहै bhṛjjā́mahai
Participles
	भृज्जत् bhṛjját			भृज्जमान bhṛjjámāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अभृज्जत् (ábhṛjjat), अभृज्जत (ábhṛjjata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अभृज्जत् ábhṛjjat	अभृज्जताम् ábhṛjjatām	अभृज्जन् ábhṛjjan	अभृज्जत ábhṛjjata	अभृज्जेताम् ábhṛjjetām	अभृज्जन्त ábhṛjjanta
Second	अभृज्जः ábhṛjjaḥ	अभृज्जतम् ábhṛjjatam	अभृज्जत ábhṛjjata	अभृज्जथाः ábhṛjjathāḥ	अभृज्जेथाम् ábhṛjjethām	अभृज्जध्वम् ábhṛjjadhvam
First	अभृज्जम् ábhṛjjam	अभृज्जाव ábhṛjjāva	अभृज्जाम ábhṛjjāma	अभृज्जे ábhṛjje	अभृज्जावहि ábhṛjjāvahi	अभृज्जामहि ábhṛjjāmahi

Descendants

Pali: bhajjati
Prakrit: 𑀪𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (bhajjaï), *𑀪𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (*bhujjaï)
- Prakrit: 𑀪𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀺𑀬 (bhujjiya, “fried, roasted”, innovated past participle)
  - Northwestern:
    - Punjabi: ਭੁੱਜੀ (bhujjī), ਭੁਰਜੀ (bhurjī) (the form with -r- is Sanskritism)
      - → Hindi: भुर्जी (bhurjī), भुरजी (bhurjī)
      - → Urdu: بھُرْجی (bhurjī)
      - → English: bhurji
  - Eastern:
    - Bengali: ভাজা (bhaja), ভাজি (bhaji)
  - Central:
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: भूजी (bhūjī), भुजिया (bhujiyā)
      - Urdu: بھوجی (bhūjī), بھُجِیا (bhujiyā)
        → English: bhujia

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰerg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 78
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*bra(i)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰerg̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 78

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*bra(i)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

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भृज्जति

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