यज्ञ

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Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajñá). Doublet of जशन (jaśan).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /jəɡ.jᵊ/,

Noun

यज्ञ • (yajña) m

(chiefly Hinduism) sacrifice, oblation

Declension

Declension of यज्ञ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञ yajña
oblique	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञों yajñõ
vocative	यज्ञ yajña	यज्ञो yajño

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

যজ্ঞ (Assamese script)
ᬬᬚ᭄ᬜ (Balinese script)
যজ্ঞ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰕𑰿𑰗 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀚𑁆𑀜 (Brahmi script)
ယဇ္ဉ (Burmese script)
યજ્ઞ (Gujarati script)
ਯਜ੍ਞ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑌜𑍍𑌞 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦘ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂔𑂹𑂖 (Kaithi script)
ಯಜ್ಞ (Kannada script)
យជ្ញ (Khmer script)
ຍຊ຺ຎ (Lao script)
യജ്ഞ (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠠᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘕𑘿𑘗 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᠽᡛᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑦵𑧠𑦷 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐖𑑂𑐘 (Newa script)
ଯଜ୍ଞ (Odia script)
ꢫꢙ꣄ꢛ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆘𑇀𑆚 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖕𑖿𑖗 (Siddham script)
යඥ (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩣 𑪙𑩥 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚑𑚶𑚓 (Takri script)
யஜ்ஞ (Tamil script)
యజ్ఞ (Telugu script)
ยชฺญ (Thai script)
ཡ་ཛྙ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒖𑓂𑒘 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨥𑩇𑨓 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 (yasna, “act of worship”), Latin ieiunus (“fasting, abstinent”), Persian (jašn, “festival”). The Sanskrit root is यज् (yaj).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈjɐd͡ʑ.ɲɐ/

Noun

यज्ञ • (yajñá) stem, m

worship, devotion, prayer, praise
act of worship or devotion, offering, oblation, sacrifice
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.1:
  अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विज॑म् ।
  होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मम् ॥
  agnímīḷe puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjam.
  hótāraṃ ratnadhā́tamam.
  I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation to the gods, and is possessor of great wealth
a worshipper, sacrificer
fire
Sacrifice personified

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of यज्ञ (yajñá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	यज्ञः yajñáḥ	यज्ञौ / यज्ञा¹ yajñaú / yajñā́¹	यज्ञाः / यज्ञासः¹ yajñā́ḥ / yajñā́saḥ¹
Vocative	यज्ञ yájña	यज्ञौ / यज्ञा¹ yájñau / yájñā¹	यज्ञाः / यज्ञासः¹ yájñāḥ / yájñāsaḥ¹
Accusative	यज्ञम् yajñám	यज्ञौ / यज्ञा¹ yajñaú / yajñā́¹	यज्ञान् yajñā́n
Instrumental	यज्ञेन yajñéna	यज्ञाभ्याम् yajñā́bhyām	यज्ञैः / यज्ञेभिः¹ yajñaíḥ / yajñébhiḥ¹
Dative	यज्ञाय yajñā́ya	यज्ञाभ्याम् yajñā́bhyām	यज्ञेभ्यः yajñébhyaḥ
Ablative	यज्ञात् yajñā́t	यज्ञाभ्याम् yajñā́bhyām	यज्ञेभ्यः yajñébhyaḥ
Genitive	यज्ञस्य yajñásya	यज्ञयोः yajñáyoḥ	यज्ञानाम् yajñā́nām
Locative	यज्ञे yajñé	यज्ञयोः yajñáyoḥ	यज्ञेषु yajñéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

यज्ञोपवीत (yajñopavīta, “sacred thread”)

Descendants

→ Balinese: yadnya
→ English: yajna
→ Indonesian: yadnya
→ Javanese: yadnya
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: যগ্গু (zoggu)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡𑁆𑀡 (jaṇṇa)
→ Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀬𑀕𑁆𑀕 (*yagga)
- Gujarati: યાગ (yāg)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਯੱਗ (yagga)
  
  Shahmukhi script: یگّ (yagg)
Pali: yañña

References

Monier Williams (1899) “यज्ञ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 839/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 394

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