रिपु

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lipús, from the root *leyp- (to stick, adhere, smear; fat, oil, sticky substance, adhesive).[1] Synchronically from the Sanskrit root रिप् (rip).

The meanings “fraudulent, deceitful, treacherous, enemy” (etc.) developed figuratively from the earlier set of meanings “dirty spot, stain, filth” > “fault, impurity”; compare the related words रिप्र (riprá), रिप्त (riptá), रेपस् (répas).

Pronunciation

Noun

रिपु (ripú) stemm

  1. deceiver, cheat, rogue
  2. enemy, adversary, foe

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of रिपु (ripú)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रिपुः
ripúḥ
रिपू
ripū́
रिपवः
ripávaḥ
Vocative रिपो
rípo
रिपू
rípū
रिपवः
rípavaḥ
Accusative रिपुम्
ripúm
रिपू
ripū́
रिपून्
ripū́n
Instrumental रिपुणा / रिप्वा¹
ripúṇā / ripvā́¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभिः
ripúbhiḥ
Dative रिपवे / रिप्वे¹
ripáve / ripvé¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Ablative रिपोः / रिप्वः¹
ripóḥ / ripváḥ¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Genitive रिपोः / रिप्वः¹
ripóḥ / ripváḥ¹
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपूणाम्
ripūṇā́m
Locative रिपौ
ripaú
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपुषु
ripúṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Adjective

रिपु (ripú) stem

  1. deceitful, treacherous
  2. fraudulent, false

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of रिपु (ripú)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रिपुः
ripúḥ
रिपू
ripū́
रिपवः
ripávaḥ
Vocative रिपो
rípo
रिपू
rípū
रिपवः
rípavaḥ
Accusative रिपुम्
ripúm
रिपू
ripū́
रिपून्
ripū́n
Instrumental रिपुणा / रिप्वा¹
ripúṇā / ripvā́¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभिः
ripúbhiḥ
Dative रिपवे / रिप्वे¹
ripáve / ripvé¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Ablative रिपोः / रिप्वः¹
ripóḥ / ripváḥ¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Genitive रिपोः / रिप्वः¹
ripóḥ / ripváḥ¹
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपूणाम्
ripūṇā́m
Locative रिपौ
ripaú
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपुषु
ripúṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine u-stem declension of रिपु (ripú)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रिपुः
ripúḥ
रिपू
ripū́
रिपवः
ripávaḥ
Vocative रिपो
rípo
रिपू
rípū
रिपवः
rípavaḥ
Accusative रिपुम्
ripúm
रिपू
ripū́
रिपूः
ripū́ḥ
Instrumental रिप्वा
ripvā́
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभिः
ripúbhiḥ
Dative रिपवे / रिप्वै¹
ripáve / ripvaí¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Ablative रिपोः / रिप्वाः¹ / रिप्वै²
ripóḥ / ripvā́ḥ¹ / ripvaí²
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Genitive रिपोः / रिप्वाः¹ / रिप्वै²
ripóḥ / ripvā́ḥ¹ / ripvaí²
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपूणाम्
ripūṇā́m
Locative रिपौ / रिप्वाम्¹
ripaú / ripvā́m¹
रिप्वोः
ripvóḥ
रिपुषु
ripúṣu
Notes
  • ¹Later Sanskrit
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter u-stem declension of रिपु (ripú)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रिपु
ripú
रिपुणी
ripúṇī
रिपूणि / रिपु¹ / रिपू¹
ripū́ṇi / ripú¹ / ripū́¹
Vocative रिपु / रिपो
rípu / rípo
रिपुणी
rípuṇī
रिपूणि / रिपु¹ / रिपू¹
rípūṇi / rípu¹ / rípū¹
Accusative रिपु
ripú
रिपुणी
ripúṇī
रिपूणि / रिपु¹ / रिपू¹
ripū́ṇi / ripú¹ / ripū́¹
Instrumental रिपुणा / रिप्वा¹
ripúṇā / ripvā́¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभिः
ripúbhiḥ
Dative रिपुणे / रिपवे¹ / रिप्वे¹
ripúṇe / ripáve¹ / ripvé¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Ablative रिपुणः / रिपोः¹ / रिप्वः¹
ripúṇaḥ / ripóḥ¹ / ripváḥ¹
रिपुभ्याम्
ripúbhyām
रिपुभ्यः
ripúbhyaḥ
Genitive रिपुणः / रिपोः¹ / रिप्वः¹
ripúṇaḥ / ripóḥ¹ / ripváḥ¹
रिपुणोः
ripúṇoḥ
रिपूणाम्
ripūṇā́m
Locative रिपुणि / रिपौ¹
ripúṇi / ripaú¹
रिपुणोः
ripúṇoḥ
रिपुषु
ripúṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

  1. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*lei̯p- 'kleben bleiben'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 453–454