लक्ष

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From the root लक्ष् (lakṣ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐk.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈl̪ɐk.ʂɐ/

Noun

लक्ष • (lakṣá) stem, m or n

1. a mark, sign, token; a mark to aim at, target, butt, aim, object, prey, prize

   आकाशे लक्षम्-बन्ध् ― ākāśe lakṣam-bandh ― to fix the gaze vaguely on space, look into space as if at some object barely visible in the distance

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.12.4:

     येने॒मा विश्वा॒ च्यव॑ना कृ॒तानि॒ यो दासं॒ वर्ण॒मध॑रं॒ गुहाकः॑ ।
     श्व॒घ्नीव॒ यो जि॑गी॒वां ल॒क्षमाद॑द॒र्यः पु॒ष्टानि॒ स ज॑नास॒ इंद्रः॑ ॥

     yénemā́ víśvā cyávanā kṛtā́ni yó dā́saṃ várṇamádharaṃ gúhā́kaḥ .
     śvaghnī́va yó jigīvā́ṃ lakṣámā́dadaryáḥ puṣṭā́ni sá janāsa íṃdraḥ .

     • 1896 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

       By whom this universe was made to tremble, who chased away the humbled brood of demons,
       Who, like a gambler gathering his winnings seized the foe's riches, He, O men, is Indra.

2. appearance, show, pretence
3. a kind of citron
   • Lexicographers, Various Works
4. a pearl
   • Lexicographers, Various Works

Declension

Adjective

लक्ष • (lakṣá) stem

1. a lakh, one hundred thousand
   • c. 800 BCE, Yājñavalkya
   • c. 300 CE, Harivaṃśa

Declension

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔 (lakkha)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔 (lakkha)
  • Assamese: লাখ (lakh)
  • Bengali: লাখ (lakh)
  • Sylheti: ꠟꠣꠈ (laxó)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔 (lakkha)
  • Old Marathi: लख (lakha), लाख (lākha)
    • Marathi: लाख (lākh)
• Pali: lakkha
  • → Old Khmer: (lakkha)
    • Khmer: លក្ខ (lĕək)
    • → Lao: ລັກຂະ (lak kha)
    • → Thai: หลัก (làk)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔 (lakkha)
  • Gujarati: લાખ (lākh)
  • Hindi: लाख (lākh)/Urdu: لاکھ (lākh)
    • → English: lakh, lac
    • → Pashto: لک (lak)
    • → Persian: لک (lak)
    • → Swahili: laki
  • Nepali: लाख (lākh)
  • Punjabi: ਲੱਖ (lakkha)/Punjabi: لکّھ (lakkha)
  • Sindhi: لَڪُ (lakhu)
• → Kannada: ಲಕ್ಷ (lakṣa), ಲಕ್ಕ (lakka)
• → Middle Chinese: 洛叉 (MC lak tsrhea|tsrhae)
  • Chinese: 洛叉
  • Japanese: 洛叉 (らくしゃ, rakusha)
• → Old Javanese: (lakṣa)
  • Javanese: ꦊꦏ꧀ꦱ (leksa)
  • → Balinese: ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱ (lakṣa)
• → Old Malay: (laksa)
  • Classical Malay: لقسا (laksa)
    • Malay: laksa
      • Indonesian: laksa
    • → Cebuano: laksa
    • → Hiligaynon: láksà
    • → Ilocano: laksa
    • → Maranao: laksa'
    • → Maguindanao: laksa
    • → Old Tagalog: ᜎᜃ᜔ᜐ (laksa)
      • Tagalog: laksâ
    • → Yami: laksa
    • → West Coast Bajau: laksa'
• → Old Mon:
  • → Mon: လက်
• → Old Tamil:
  • Tamil: லட்சம் (laṭcam), லக்ஷம் (lakṣam), இலட்சம் (ilaṭcam)
• → Sinhalese: ලක්ෂය (lakṣaya)
• → Telugu: లక్ష (lakṣa)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “लक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0891.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “lakṣá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 472