वर्ष

Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, raining; year”). Doublet of बरस (baras).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋəɾʂ/,

वर्ष • (varṣ) m

1. annum, year

   Synonyms: बरस (baras), साल (sāl)

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वर्ष

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Borrowed from Sanskrit वर्ष (varṣa, “rain, raining; year”).

• IPA^(key): /ʋəɾ.ʂə/

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वर्ष • (varṣa) n

1. year

   Synonyms: वरीस (varīs), साल (sāl)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwaršám, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-ó-m, from the root *h₁wers- (“to rain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕρση (hérsē, “dew”), Old Irish frass (“rain-shower”). By surface analysis, वृष् (vṛṣ, “rain”, root) +‎ -अ (-a).

The meaning "year" developed from the fact that a year can be interpreted as the period of time from one monsoon to the next and any point of time a particular number of years into the past or future can be expressed as that many monsoons ago or later.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɐɾ.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɐɾ.ʂɐ/

वर्ष • (varṣá) stem, n or m

1. rain, raining, a shower
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.58.7:

     प्रथिष्ट यामन्पृथिवी चिदेषां भर्तेव गर्भं स्वमिच्छवो धुः।
     वातान्ह्यश्वान्धुर्यायुयुज्रे वर्षं स्वेदं चक्रिरे रुद्रियासः॥

     prathiṣṭa yāmanpṛthivī cideṣāṃ bharteva garbhaṃ svamicchavo dhuḥ.
     vātānhyaśvāndhuryāyuyujre varṣaṃ svedaṃ cakrire rudriyāsaḥ.

     Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and they as husbands have with power impregned her.
     They to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers: their sweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.

2. (in the plural) the rains, rainy season
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
3. a year
4. a division of the earth as separated off by certain mountain ranges (9 such divisions are enumerated, namely कुरु (kuru), हिरण्मय (hiraṇmaya), रम्यक (ramyaka), इलावृत (ilāvṛta), हरि (hari); केतुमाला (ketumālā), भद्राश्व (bhadrāśva), किंनर (kiṃnara), and भारत (bhārata); sometimes the number given is 7)

• वर्षा (varṣā́)

वर्ष • (varṣá) stem

1. raining

   कामवर्ष ― kāmavarṣa ― raining according to one's wish

• Monier Williams (1899) “वर्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0926/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 522-3