वि

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋí/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋi/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wí, from Proto-Indo-European *wi. Cognate with elements of Hittite (na-wi, “not yet”) and Old English wiþ (English with).^[1]

Alternative forms

वि- (vi-) (combining form)

Adverb

वि • (ví)

Preposition

वि • (ví) (+ accusative)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognate with Latin avis (“bird”), Ancient Greek ἀετός (aetós, “eagle”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (vaiia).^[2]

Alternative forms

वय् (váy)

Noun

वि • (ví) stem, m

a bird
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.6:
  वि या सृ॒जति॒ सम॑नं॒ व्य१॒॑र्थिन॑: प॒दं न वे॒त्योद॑ती।
  वयो॒ नकि॑ष्टे पप्ति॒वांस॑ आसते॒ व्यु॑ष्टौ वाजिनीवति॥
  ví yā́ sṛjáti sámanaṃ vyàrthína: padáṃ ná vetyódatī.
  váyo nákiṣṭe paptivā́ṃsa āsate vyùṣṭau vājinīvati.
  She sends the busy forth, each man to his pursuit: delay she knows not as she springs.
  O rich in opulence, after thy dawning birds that have flown forth no longer rest.

Inflection

Masculine i-stem declension of वि (ví)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विः / वेः víḥ / véḥ	वी vī́	वयः váyaḥ
Vocative	वे vé	वी vī́	वयः váyaḥ
Accusative	विम् vím	वी vī́	वीन् vī́n
Instrumental	विना / व्या¹ vínā / vyā́¹	विभ्याम् víbhyām	विभिः víbhiḥ
Dative	वये váye	विभ्याम् víbhyām	विभ्यः víbhyaḥ
Ablative	वेः / व्यः¹ véḥ / vyáḥ¹	विभ्याम् víbhyām	विभ्यः víbhyaḥ
Genitive	वेः / व्यः¹ véḥ / vyáḥ¹	व्योः vyóḥ	वीनाम् vīnā́m
Locative	वौ / वा¹ vaú / vā́¹	व्योः vyóḥ	विषु víṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “वि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 949, column 3.

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ví”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 549-550
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “váy-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 507-8

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