वीर

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Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वीर (vīra). Doublet of बीर (bīr).

Pronunciation

Adjective

वीर (vīr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ویر)

  1. heroic, brave

Noun

वीर (vīrm (Urdu spelling ویر)

  1. hero, fighter, one who is brave

Declension

Derived terms

References

Kashmiri

Noun

वीर (wīrm (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

  1. a hero

Noun

वीर (wīrf (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

  1. white willow (Salix alba)

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi वीर (vīra), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra), from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).

Pronunciation

Adjective

वीर (vīr)

  1. brave
    Synonym: शूर (śūr)

Noun

वीर (vīrm

  1. hero, warrior, champion
  2. (literature, drama, dance) heroism — one of the eight rasas

Declension

Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular
वीर
vīr
direct
plural
वीर
vīr
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
वीर
vīr
वीर
vīr
oblique
सामान्यरूप
वीरा
vīrā
वीरां-
vīrān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
वीराला
vīrālā
वीरांना
vīrānnā
ergative वीराने, वीरानं
vīrāne, vīrāna
वीरांनी
vīrānnī
instrumental वीराशी
vīrāśī
वीरांशी
vīrānśī
locative
सप्तमी
वीरात
vīrāt
वीरांत
vīrāt
vocative
संबोधन
वीरा
vīrā
वीरांनो
vīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
वीराचा
vīrāċā
वीराचे
vīrāċe
वीराची
vīrācī
वीराच्या
vīrācā
वीराचे, वीराचं
vīrāċe, vīrāċa
वीराची
vīrācī
वीराच्या
vīrācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
वीरांचा
vīrānċā
वीरांचे
vīrānċe
वीरांची
vīrāñcī
वीरांच्या
vīrāncā
वीरांचे, वीरांचं
vīrānċe, vīrānċa
वीरांची
vīrāñcī
वीरांच्या
vīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वीर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Adjective

वीर

  1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Noun

वीर m

  1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás (man), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (man). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir (man), Lithuanian výras, Old Irish fer, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old Norse verr, Old English wer (whence English wer).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    वीर (vīrá) stemm

    1. a man, especially a brave or eminent man, hero, chief
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.7.3:
        त्वद्विप्रो॑ जायते वा॒ज्य॑ग्ने॒ त्वद्वी॒रासो॑ अभिमाति॒षाह॑:।
        वैश्वा॑नर॒ त्वम॒स्मासु॑ धेहि॒ वसू॑नि राजन्त्स्पृह॒याय्या॑णि॥
        tvádvípro jāyate vājyàgne tvádvīrā́so abhimātiṣā́ha:.
        vaíśvānara tvámasmā́su dhehi vásūni rājantspṛhayā́yyāṇi.
        The offerer of (sacrificial) food becomes wise, Agni, from you heroes become the vanquishers of foes; therefore, do you, royal vaiśvānara, bestow upon us enviable riches.
    2. husband
    3. male child, son
    4. the male of an animal
    5. heroism

    Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of वीर (vīrá)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative वीरः
    vīráḥ
    वीरौ / वीरा¹
    vīraú / vīrā́¹
    वीराः / वीरासः¹
    vīrā́ḥ / vīrā́saḥ¹
    Vocative वीर
    vī́ra
    वीरौ / वीरा¹
    vī́rau / vī́rā¹
    वीराः / वीरासः¹
    vī́rāḥ / vī́rāsaḥ¹
    Accusative वीरम्
    vīrám
    वीरौ / वीरा¹
    vīraú / vīrā́¹
    वीरान्
    vīrā́n
    Instrumental वीरेण
    vīréṇa
    वीराभ्याम्
    vīrā́bhyām
    वीरैः / वीरेभिः¹
    vīraíḥ / vīrébhiḥ¹
    Dative वीराय
    vīrā́ya
    वीराभ्याम्
    vīrā́bhyām
    वीरेभ्यः
    vīrébhyaḥ
    Ablative वीरात्
    vīrā́t
    वीराभ्याम्
    vīrā́bhyām
    वीरेभ्यः
    vīrébhyaḥ
    Genitive वीरस्य
    vīrásya
    वीरयोः
    vīráyoḥ
    वीराणाम्
    vīrā́ṇām
    Locative वीरे
    vīré
    वीरयोः
    vīráyoḥ
    वीरेषु
    vīréṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic

    Derived terms

    Adjective

    वीर (vīrá) stem

    1. heroic, powerful, strong, excellent, eminent

    Borrowed terms

    Descendants

    • Dardic:
      • Dameli: (bīra, male, he-goat)
      • Gawar-Bati: (heriu, husband)
      • Kalami: (bīr, he-goat)
      • Kalasha: (bīra, male, he-goat), (birãe, male)
      • Kashmiri: ویٖر (vīr, brave man)
      • Kohistani Shina: (bīro, male)
      • Northwest Pashayi: (wīr, man)
      • Phalura: (bhīrɔ̄, male), (bhīro, he-goat)
      • Shina: (bīro, male)
      • Tirahi: (bir, male)
    • Helu Prakrit:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
    • Pali: vīra
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)

    References

    • Monier Williams (1899) “वीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1005/2-3.
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 569-70
    • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vīrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press