वीर

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See also: वीर्, विरा, वारि, and वर

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वीर (vīra). Doublet of बीर (bīr).

Pronunciation

Adjective

वीर • (vīr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ویر)

  1. heroic, brave

Noun

वीर • (vīr) m (Urdu spelling ویر)

  1. hero, fighter, one who is brave

Declension

Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct वीर
vīr 		वीर
vīr
oblique वीर
vīr 		वीरों
vīrõ
vocative वीर
vīr 		वीरो
vīro

Derived terms

References

Kashmiri

Noun

वीर • (wīr) m (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

  1. a hero

Noun

वीर • (wīr) f (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

  1. white willow (Salix alba)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Adjective

वीर

  1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Noun

वीर m

  1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir (“man”), Lithuanian výras, Old Irish fer, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old Norse verr, Old English wer (whence English wer).

Pronunciation

Noun

वीर • (vīrá) stem, m

  1. a man, especially a brave or eminent man, hero, chief
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.7.3:
      त्वद्विप्रो जायते वाज्यग्ने त्वद्वीरासो अभिमातिषाहः ।
      tvadvipro jāyate vājyagne tvadvīrāso abhimātiṣāhaḥ .
      From thee, O Agni, springs the mighty singer, from thee come heroes who subdue the foeman.
  2. hero
  3. husband
  4. male child, son
  5. the male of an animal
  6. heroism

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वीर (vīrá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative वीरः
vīráḥ 		वीरौ / वीरा¹
vīraú / vīrā́¹ 		वीराः / वीरासः¹
vīrā́ḥ / vīrā́saḥ¹
Vocative वीर
vī́ra 		वीरौ / वीरा¹
vī́rau / vī́rā¹ 		वीराः / वीरासः¹
vī́rāḥ / vī́rāsaḥ¹
Accusative वीरम्
vīrám 		वीरौ / वीरा¹
vīraú / vīrā́¹ 		वीरान्
vīrā́n
Instrumental वीरेण
vīréṇa 		वीराभ्याम्
vīrā́bhyām 		वीरैः / वीरेभिः¹
vīraíḥ / vīrébhiḥ¹
Dative वीराय
vīrā́ya 		वीराभ्याम्
vīrā́bhyām 		वीरेभ्यः
vīrébhyaḥ
Ablative वीरात्
vīrā́t 		वीराभ्याम्
vīrā́bhyām 		वीरेभ्यः
vīrébhyaḥ
Genitive वीरस्य
vīrásya 		वीरयोः
vīráyoḥ 		वीराणाम्
vīrā́ṇām
Locative वीरे
vīré 		वीरयोः
vīráyoḥ 		वीरेषु
vīréṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Adjective

वीर • (vīrá) stem

  1. heroic, powerful, strong, excellent, eminent

Borrowed terms

Descendants

  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: (bīra, “male, he-goat”)
    • Gawar-Bati: (heriu, “husband”)
    • Kalami: (bīr, “he-goat”)
    • Kalasha: (bīra, “male, he-goat”), (birãe, “male”)
    • Kashmiri: ویٖر (vīr, “brave man”)
    • Kohistani Shina: (bīro, “male”)
    • Northwest Pashayi: (wīr, “man”)
    • Phalura: (bhīrɔ̄, “male”), (bhīro, “he-goat”)
    • Shina: (bīro, “male”)
    • Tirahi: (bir, “male”)
  • Helu Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Pali: vīra
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “वीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1005/2-3.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 569-70
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vīrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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