वृक

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Hindi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक (vṛka).

Pronunciation

Noun

वृक • (vŕk) m

  1. a wolf
    Synonym: भेड़िया (bheṛiyā)

Declension

Declension of वृक (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct वृक
vŕk 		वृक
vŕk
oblique वृक
vŕk 		वृकों
vŕkõ
vocative वृक
vŕk 		वृको
vŕko

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृक (vṛka).

Noun

वृक • (vŕk) m

  1. a wolf

References

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 16 October 2020

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /⁠varka⁠/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

Pronunciation

Noun

वृक • (vṛ́ka) stem, m

  1. a wolf
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.183.4:
      मा वां॒ वृको॒ मा वृ॒कीरा द॑धर्षी॒न्मा परि॑ वर्क्तमु॒त माति॑ धक्तम् ।
      अ॒यं वां॑ भा॒गो निहि॑त इ॒यं गीर्दस्रा॑वि॒मे वां॑ नि॒धयो॒ मधू॑नाम् ॥
      mā́ vāṃ vṛ́ko mā́ vṛkī́rā́ dadharṣīnmā́ pári varktamutá mā́ti dhaktam.
      ayáṃ vāṃ bhāgó níhita iyáṃ gī́rdásrāvimé vāṃ nidháyo mádhūnām.
      Let not the wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you.
      Forsake me not, nor pass me by or others.
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.42.2:
      यो न॑: पूषन्न॒घो वृको॑ दु॒:शेव॑ आ॒दिदे॑शति ।
      अप॑ स्म॒ तं प॒थो ज॑हि ॥
      yó na: pūṣannaghó vṛ́ko du:śéva ādídeśati.
      ápa sma táṃ pathó jahi.
      Drive, Pūṣan, from our road the wolf, the wicked inauspicious wolf,
      Who lies in wait to injure us.
  2. plough
  3. thunderbolt
  4. moon; sun
  5. (botany) a kind of plant (= बक (baka))
  6. the resin of Pinus longifolia, now Pinus palustris

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृक (vṛ́ka)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative वृकः
vṛ́kaḥ 		वृकौ / वृका¹
vṛ́kau / vṛ́kā¹ 		वृकाः / वृकासः¹
vṛ́kāḥ / vṛ́kāsaḥ¹
Vocative वृक
vṛ́ka 		वृकौ / वृका¹
vṛ́kau / vṛ́kā¹ 		वृकाः / वृकासः¹
vṛ́kāḥ / vṛ́kāsaḥ¹
Accusative वृकम्
vṛ́kam 		वृकौ / वृका¹
vṛ́kau / vṛ́kā¹ 		वृकान्
vṛ́kān
Instrumental वृकेण
vṛ́keṇa 		वृकाभ्याम्
vṛ́kābhyām 		वृकैः / वृकेभिः¹
vṛ́kaiḥ / vṛ́kebhiḥ¹
Dative वृकाय
vṛ́kāya 		वृकाभ्याम्
vṛ́kābhyām 		वृकेभ्यः
vṛ́kebhyaḥ
Ablative वृकात्
vṛ́kāt 		वृकाभ्याम्
vṛ́kābhyām 		वृकेभ्यः
vṛ́kebhyaḥ
Genitive वृकस्य
vṛ́kasya 		वृकयोः
vṛ́kayoḥ 		वृकाणाम्
vṛ́kāṇām
Locative वृके
vṛ́ke 		वृकयोः
vṛ́kayoḥ 		वृकेषु
vṛ́keṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Descendants

Proper noun

वृक • (Vṛ́ka) m

  1. name of an Asura
  2. name of a son of Krishna
  3. name of a king
  4. name of a son of Ruruka (or Bharuka)
  5. name Prithu
  6. name of a son of Shura
  7. name of a son of Vatsaka
  8. (in the plural) name of a people and a country (belonging to मध्यदेश (madhya-deśa)) (compare वार्केण्य (vārkeṇya))

References

  • “वृक” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 516.
  • Monier Williams (1899) “वृक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1008.
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “वृक”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 294
  • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 700
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