व्याघ्र
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Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱ্যাঘ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬯ᭄ᬬᬵᬖ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- ব্যাঘ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰑𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀖𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဝျာဃြ (Burmese script)
- વ્યાઘ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਯਾਘ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦾꦴꦓꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂐𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ವ್ಯಾಘ್ರ (Kannada script)
- វ្យាឃ្រ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຍາຆ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- വ്യാഘ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠶᠠ᠊ᠠᢚᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘑𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠺᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧑𑦱𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐑𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଵ୍ଯାଘ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢮ꣄ꢫꢵꢕ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆔𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖑𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ව්යාඝ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩟 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚍𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- வ்யாக்⁴ர (Tamil script)
- వ్యాఘ్ర (Telugu script)
- วฺยาฆฺร (Thai script)
- ཝྱཱ་གྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒒𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨎𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHaHagʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-h₂oh₂ogʰró-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”) + *h₂o-h₂o-gʰr-ó-s, from *gʰer- (“yellow, orange”). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “ochre, pale”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
व्याघ्र • (vyāghrá) stem, m [3][4][5]
- a tiger (not in RV., but in AV., often mentioned with the lion; according to R. III, 30, 26, शार्दूली (śārdūlī) is the mythical mother of tigers; but in वह्निपुराण (vahni-purāṇa) they are said to be the offspring of कश्यप (kaśyapa)'s wife दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā); compare चित्रव्याघ्र (citra-vyāghra)) (AV. etc.)
- any pre-eminently strong or noble person, "a tiger among men" (compare ऋषभ (ṛṣabha), सिंह (siṃha))
- Millettia pinnata (L.)
- a red variety of the castor-oil plant (L.)
- name of a rākṣasa (VP.)
- name of a king (Rājat.)
- name of various authors (also abridged from व्याघ्रपद् (vyāghra-pad)) (Cat.)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of व्याघ्र (vyāghrá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | व्याघ्रः vyāghráḥ |
व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹ |
व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyāghrā́ḥ / vyāghrā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | व्याघ्र vyā́ghra |
व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyā́ghrau / vyā́ghrā¹ |
व्याघ्राः / व्याघ्रासः¹ vyā́ghrāḥ / vyā́ghrāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | व्याघ्रम् vyāghrám |
व्याघ्रौ / व्याघ्रा¹ vyāghraú / vyāghrā́¹ |
व्याघ्रान् vyāghrā́n |
| Instrumental | व्याघ्रेण vyāghréṇa |
व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām |
व्याघ्रैः / व्याघ्रेभिः¹ vyāghraíḥ / vyāghrébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | व्याघ्राय vyāghrā́ya |
व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām |
व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | व्याघ्रात् vyāghrā́t |
व्याघ्राभ्याम् vyāghrā́bhyām |
व्याघ्रेभ्यः vyāghrébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | व्याघ्रस्य vyāghrásya |
व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ |
व्याघ्राणाम् vyāghrā́ṇām |
| Locative | व्याघ्रे vyāghré |
व्याघ्रयोः vyāghráyoḥ |
व्याघ्रेषु vyāghréṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Shina: بگ (băg)
- Pali: byaggha, vyaggha
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀖 (vaggha)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Northwestern:
- Southern:
Borrowed terms
- → Old Armenian: վագր (vagr) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
- → Old Georgian: ვიგრი (vigri) (perhaps via an Iranian borrowing)
- → Malayalam: വ്യാഘ്രം (vyāghraṁ)
- → Telugu: వ్యాఘ్రము (vyāghramu)
- →? English: Viagra
References
- ^ Boisacq, Émile (1916) “ωχρός”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 1085
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 329
- ^ “व्याघ्र॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 529, column 2.
- ^ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “व्याघ्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 303
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “Vyāghrá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1036/2.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vyaghra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 706