शत

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau) and सद (sad).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃət̪/,

Numeral

शत • (śat) (cardinal)

1. (literary) hundred

   Synonyms: सौ (sau), (poetic) सद (sad)

Derived terms

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred), Finnish sata (borrowing from Indo-Iranian).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.tɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.t̪ɐ/

Numeral

शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred, used with numerals thus:

   एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101

   विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120

   शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200

   त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300

   षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600

   1. or the compound becomes an ordinal

      द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th

      द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent

      शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100

   2. the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound

      शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors

   3. rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental
      • RV 1.48.7c

      एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |

      शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||

      eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |

      śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||

      This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:

      Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.

   4. rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
   5. and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:

      चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years

2. any very large number

   शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.

Declension

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
  • Helu Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata), *𑀲𑀬 (*saya)
    • Dhivehi: ހިއަ (hia) (dialectal, archaic)
    • Sinhalese: සිය (siya)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀤 (śada)
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
    • Odia: ଶହ (śôhô)
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bengali: শ (śo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
    • Odia: ଶହ (śôhô)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saa)
    • Konkani:

      Devanagari script: -शे (-śe)

      Kannada script: -ಶೆ (-śe)

      Latin script: -xem

    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)

      Modi script: 𑘫𑘿𑘧𑘹 (śye), 𑘭𑘹𑘽 (seṃ)

      • Marathi: -शे (-śe)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
    • Old Gujarati: सउ (saü)
      • Gujarati: સો (so)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: सौ (sau)

      Urdu: سو (sau)

    • Nepali: सय (saya)
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਸੌ (sau)

      Shahmukhi script: سَو (sau)

    • Romani: śel, šel
      • Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeel
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: سؤ

      Devanagari script: सउ

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: ہَتھ (hath)
  • Shina: شل (śal)
• → Old Javanese: śata
  • Javanese: ꦱꦠ (sata)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬢ (sata)
• Pali: sata
• → Bengali: শত (śot)
  • → Rohingya: cót
• → Hindi: शत (śat)
• → Telugu: శతము (śatamu) (learned)
• →⇒ Dhivehi: ސަތޭކަ (satēka)

See also

• द्विशत (dviśata, “two hundred”), द्वेशते (dveśate, “two hundred”)
• त्रिशत (triśata, “three hundred”)
• चतुःशत (catuḥśata, “four hundred”)
• पञ्चशत (pañcaśata, “five hundred”)
• षट्शत (ṣaṭśata, “six hundred”)
• सप्तशत (saptaśata, “seven hundred”)
• अष्टशत (aṣṭaśata, “eight hundred”)
• नवशत (navaśata, “nine hundred”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1048.