शब्द
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).
Pronunciation
Noun
शब्द • (śabd) m (Urdu spelling شبد)
- word, term
- sound
- Synonym: ध्वनि (dhvani)
- झरनों का धीमा शब्द जंगल में गूँजता।
- jharnõ kā dhīmā śabd jaṅgal mẽ gūñjtā.
- The soft sound of springs echoes through the forest.
Declension
Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
- शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
- शब्दावली (śabdāvlī)
- शब्दार्थ (śabdārth)
- शब्दकार (śabdakār)
- शब्दवीर (śabdavīr)
- शब्दहीन (śabdahīn)
- शब्दहीनता (śabdahīntā)
- शब्दानुवाद (śabdānuvād)
Related terms
- शाब्दिक (śābdik)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शब्द”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa, Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).
Pronunciation
Noun
शब्द • (śabda) m
Declension
| Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
शब्द śabda | ||
| direct plural |
शब्द śabda | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
शब्द śabda |
शब्द śabda | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
शब्दा śabdā |
शब्दां- śabdān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
शब्दाला śabdālā |
शब्दांना śabdānnā | |
| ergative | शब्दाने, शब्दानं śabdāne, śabdāna |
शब्दांनी śabdānnī | |
| instrumental | शब्दाशी śabdāśī |
शब्दांशी śabdānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
शब्दात śabdāt |
शब्दांत śabdāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
शब्दा śabdā |
शब्दांनो śabdānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
शब्दाचा śabdāċā |
शब्दाचे śabdāċe |
शब्दाची śabdācī |
शब्दाच्या śabdācā |
शब्दाचे, शब्दाचं śabdāċe, śabdāċa |
शब्दाची śabdācī |
शब्दाच्या śabdācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
शब्दांचा śabdānċā |
शब्दांचे śabdānċe |
शब्दांची śabdāñcī |
शब्दांच्या śabdāncā |
शब्दांचे, शब्दांचं śabdānċe, śabdānċa |
शब्दांची śabdāñcī |
शब्दांच्या śabdāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- शब्दकोडे (śabdakoḍe, “word puzzle”)
- शब्दकोश (śabdakoś, “dictionary”)
- शब्दफेक (śabdaphek)
- शब्दसंग्रह (śabdasaṅgrah, “vocabulary”)
- शब्दसंपत्ती (śabdasampattī, “vocabulary”)
- शाब्दिक (śābdik, “verbal”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “शब्द”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “शब्द”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “शब्द”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শব্দ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (Balinese script)
- শব্দ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰤𑰿𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤 (Brahmi script)
- ၐဗ္ဒ (Burmese script)
- શબ્દ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਬ੍ਦ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌬𑍍𑌦 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦧ꧀ꦢ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂥𑂹𑂠 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಬ್ದ (Kannada script)
- ឝព្ទ (Khmer script)
- ຨພ຺ທ (Lao script)
- ശബ്ദ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᠪᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠪᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧄𑧠𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐧𑑂𑐡 (Newa script)
- ଶବ୍ଦ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢨ꣄ꢣ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆧𑇀𑆢 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖤𑖿𑖟 (Siddham script)
- ශබ්ද (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩲 𑪙𑩭 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚠𑚶𑚛 (Takri script)
- ஶப்³த³ (Tamil script)
- శబ్ద (Telugu script)
- ศพฺท (Thai script)
- ཤ་བྡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒥𑓂𑒠 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨠𑩇𑨛 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root शप् (śap, “to curse; swear”) + -द (-da).
Pronunciation
Noun
शब्द • (śábda) stem, m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शब्द (śábda) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शब्दः śábdaḥ |
शब्दौ / शब्दा¹ śábdau / śábdā¹ |
शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शब्द śábda |
शब्दौ / शब्दा¹ śábdau / śábdā¹ |
शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शब्दम् śábdam |
शब्दौ / शब्दा¹ śábdau / śábdā¹ |
शब्दान् śábdān |
| Instrumental | शब्देन śábdena |
शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām |
शब्दैः / शब्देभिः¹ śábdaiḥ / śábdebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शब्दाय śábdāya |
शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām |
शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शब्दात् śábdāt |
शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām |
शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शब्दस्य śábdasya |
शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ |
शब्दानाम् śábdānām |
| Locative | शब्दे śábde |
शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ |
शब्देषु śábdeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- शब्दकोश (śabdakośa)
Descendants
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
- Pali: sadda
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
- → Bengali: শব্দ (śobdo)
- → Early Assamese: শবদ (śobodo)
- → Gujarati: શબ્દ (śabd)
- → Hindi: शब्द (śabd)
- → Kannada: ಶಬ್ದ (śabda)
- → Khmer: សព្ទ (sap)
- → Lao: ສັບ (sap)
- → Malay: sabda
- Indonesian: sabda
- → Malayalam: ശബ്ദം (śabdaṁ)
- → Marathi: शब्द (śabda)
- → Old Javanese: śabda
- → Odia: ଶବ୍ଦ (śabda)
- → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabd)
- → Sylheti: ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ (śobdo)
- → Tamil: சத்தம் (cattam)
- ⇒ Telugu: శబ్దము (śabdamu)
- → Thai: ศัพท์ (sàp)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “शब्द”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 296