शर्व

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Ćarwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauruua, name of a Daeva). The name is probably derived from the same root as शरु (śáru, “arrow”).[1][2] Lubotsky claims non-Indo-European origin[3] and connects Tocharian A śaru (“hunter”), Tocharian B śer(u)we (“hunter”)[4]

Pronunciation

Proper noun

शर्व • (śarvá) stem, m

  1. the name of a manifestation of Rudra-Śiva in his fierce aspect, as a fierce deity who kills people with arrows; Śarva is considered in the Vedas, along with Paśupati, Bhava, and others, to be a name of Rudra
    • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.5:
      नमो भवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतये च
      namo bhavāya ca rudrāya ca namaḥ śarvāya ca paśupataye ca
      Homage to Bhava and to Rudra.
      Homage to Śarva and to the lord of cattle.
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.93.1:
      यमो मृत्युरघमारो निर्ऋथो बभ्रुः शर्वोऽस्ता नीलशिखण्डः ।
      देवजनाः सेनयोत्तस्थिवांसस्ते अस्माकं परि वृञ्जन्तु वीरान् ॥
      yamo mṛtyuraghamāro nirṛtho babhruḥ śarvoʼstā nīlaśikhaṇḍaḥ.
      devajanāḥ senayottasthivāṃsaste asmākaṃ pari vṛñjantu vīrān.
      Yama, Death, direly fatal, the Destroyer, with his black crest, and Śarva the tawny archer,
      And all the Gods uprisen with their army, may these on every side avoid our heroes.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शर्व (śarvá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शर्वः
śarváḥ 		शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śarvaú / śarvā́¹ 		शर्वाः / शर्वासः¹
śarvā́ḥ / śarvā́saḥ¹
Vocative शर्व
śárva 		शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śárvau / śárvā¹ 		शर्वाः / शर्वासः¹
śárvāḥ / śárvāsaḥ¹
Accusative शर्वम्
śarvám 		शर्वौ / शर्वा¹
śarvaú / śarvā́¹ 		शर्वान्
śarvā́n
Instrumental शर्वेण
śarvéṇa 		शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām 		शर्वैः / शर्वेभिः¹
śarvaíḥ / śarvébhiḥ¹
Dative शर्वाय
śarvā́ya 		शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām 		शर्वेभ्यः
śarvébhyaḥ
Ablative शर्वात्
śarvā́t 		शर्वाभ्याम्
śarvā́bhyām 		शर्वेभ्यः
śarvébhyaḥ
Genitive शर्वस्य
śarvásya 		शर्वयोः
śarváyoḥ 		शर्वाणाम्
śarvā́ṇām
Locative शर्वे
śarvé 		शर्वयोः
śarváyoḥ 		शर्वेषु
śarvéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 621
  2. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “शर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1057.
  3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
  4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 446.
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