शिव
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
शिव • (śiv) m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
Declension
Declension of शिव (sg-only masc cons-stem)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | शिव śiv |
| oblique | शिव śiv |
| vocative | शिव śiv |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শিৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬶᬯ (Balinese script)
- শিব (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰰𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀺𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ၐိဝ (Burmese script)
- શિવ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਿਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌿𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦶꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂱𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಿವ (Kannada script)
- ឝិវ (Khmer script)
- ຨິວ (Lao script)
- ശിവ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘱𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧒𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐶𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଶିଵ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢶꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆴𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖰𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ශිව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩑𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚮𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஶிவ (Tamil script)
- శివ (Telugu script)
- ศิว (Thai script)
- ཤི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒱𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨁𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सुशिश्वि (suśiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śivá, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.
Pronunciation
Proper noun
शिव • (śiva) stem, m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:शिव
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.926.19:
- ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥- tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.
jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.
- tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.
- ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
- c. 900 CE – 1500, Śiva Purāṇa 4.42.13:
- अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥- anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate. - Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.
- anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
- अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
- a second Shiva; especially emancipated; a class of such Brahmans
- (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
- a male given name
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शिव (śiva) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | शिवः śivaḥ | ||
| Vocative | शिव śiva | ||
| Accusative | शिवम् śivam | ||
| Instrumental | शिवेन śivena | ||
| Dative | शिवाय śivāya | ||
| Ablative | शिवात् śivāt | ||
| Genitive | शिवस्य śivasya | ||
| Locative | शिवे śive | ||
Derived terms
Adjective
शिव • (śivá) stem
- auspicious, favourable
- शिवम् ― śivám ― kindly, tenderly'
- happy, fortunate
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शिव (śivá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शिवः śiváḥ |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śivaú / śivā́¹ |
शिवाः / शिवासः¹ śivā́ḥ / śivā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शिव śíva |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śívau / śívā¹ |
शिवाः / शिवासः¹ śívāḥ / śívāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śivaú / śivā́¹ |
शिवान् śivā́n |
| Instrumental | शिवेन śivéna |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवैः / शिवेभिः¹ śivaíḥ / śivébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शिवाय śivā́ya |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शिवात् śivā́t |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शिवस्य śivásya |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवानाम् śivā́nām |
| Locative | शिवे śivé |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवेषु śivéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of शिवा (śivā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शिवा śivā́ |
शिवे śivé |
शिवाः śivā́ḥ |
| Vocative | शिवे śíve |
शिवे śíve |
शिवाः śívāḥ |
| Accusative | शिवाम् śivā́m |
शिवे śivé |
शिवाः śivā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | शिवया / शिवा¹ śiváyā / śivā́¹ |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवाभिः śivā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | शिवायै śivā́yai |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवाभ्यः śivā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शिवायाः / शिवायै² śivā́yāḥ / śivā́yai² |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवाभ्यः śivā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शिवायाः / शिवायै² śivā́yāḥ / śivā́yai² |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवानाम् śivā́nām |
| Locative | शिवायाम् śivā́yām |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवासु śivā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of शिव (śivá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवे śivé |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śivā́ni / śivā́¹ |
| Vocative | शिव śíva |
शिवे śíve |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śívāni / śívā¹ |
| Accusative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवे śivé |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śivā́ni / śivā́¹ |
| Instrumental | शिवेन śivéna |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवैः / शिवेभिः¹ śivaíḥ / śivébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शिवाय śivā́ya |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शिवात् śivā́t |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शिवस्य śivásya |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवानाम् śivā́nām |
| Locative | शिवे śivé |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवेषु śivéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
शिव • (śivá) stem, m or n
- m happiness, welfare
- m liberation, final emancipation
- n welfare, prosperity, bliss
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of शिव (śivá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शिवः śiváḥ |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śivaú / śivā́¹ |
शिवाः / शिवासः¹ śivā́ḥ / śivā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शिव śíva |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śívau / śívā¹ |
शिवाः / शिवासः¹ śívāḥ / śívāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवौ / शिवा¹ śivaú / śivā́¹ |
शिवान् śivā́n |
| Instrumental | शिवेन śivéna |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवैः / शिवेभिः¹ śivaíḥ / śivébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शिवाय śivā́ya |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शिवात् śivā́t |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शिवस्य śivásya |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवानाम् śivā́nām |
| Locative | शिवे śivé |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवेषु śivéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of शिव (śivá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवे śivé |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śivā́ni / śivā́¹ |
| Vocative | शिव śíva |
शिवे śíve |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śívāni / śívā¹ |
| Accusative | शिवम् śivám |
शिवे śivé |
शिवानि / शिवा¹ śivā́ni / śivā́¹ |
| Instrumental | शिवेन śivéna |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवैः / शिवेभिः¹ śivaíḥ / śivébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शिवाय śivā́ya |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शिवात् śivā́t |
शिवाभ्याम् śivā́bhyām |
शिवेभ्यः śivébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शिवस्य śivásya |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवानाम् śivā́nām |
| Locative | शिवे śivé |
शिवयोः śiváyoḥ |
शिवेषु śivéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “शिव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1074.